ABSTRACT
Abstract To control urban pests, especially cockroaches of the Periplaneta americana species, various pesticides have been developed that are increasingly potent and effective. However, the unrestrained application of pesticides has had negative consequences, such as the disappearance of some useful insect species and, consequently, the appearance of new pests, both in the countryside and cities. Due to the current scenario, it was necessary to search for new alternatives for the control of these insects. Among the species studied, Copaíba stood out. The oils were analyzed using GC-MS, b-caryophyllene and a-bergamotene being the predominant compounds. Repellency tests were performed with three different concentrations of C. officinalis and C. reticulata, 500 μg/mL, 250 μg/mL and 125 μg/mL, in triplicate. It can be observed that the oil of C. officinalis was more repellent to the nymphs at concentrations of 500 μg/mL and 250 μg/mL, however, when the behavior in nymphs exposed to the concentration of 125 μg/mL was compared, it was noted that C. reticulata oil was more repellent at this concentration. Copaifera has shown promising activity as a repellent against arthropods owing to the complex chemical composition of its oils.
ABSTRACT
A copaíba (Copaifera reticulata Ducke), planta medicinal bastante usada nas regiões Norte e Nordeste do Brasil, tem difícil permeação cutânea na forma in natura, e esta permeabilidade é aumentada através do uso de nanoformulações e ainda a fonoforese, ultrassom de baixa frequência que aumenta a permeabilidade cutânea de substâncias. Sendo assim, foi analisado e comparado o efeito do óleo-resina de copaíba, in natura e de sua nanoemulsão em gel (nanogel) associado à fonoforese, na reparação muscular em ratos Wistar. Pelo método inversão de fases, formulou-se a nanoemulsão de copaíba. Esta foi incorporada ao hidrogel Carbopol® (20% nanoemulsão, 80% Carbopol®). Os animais (n = 24, machos) foram divididos em seis grupos e posteriormente foram submetidos à lesão traumática do músculo gastrocnêmio. A reparação muscular foi analisada por meio de dosagem plasmática de Aspartato Aminotransferase (AST) e Creatina Quinase (CK). Os resultados apontaram que os tratamentos de aplicação tópica do óleo-resina, de sua associação à fonoforese e desta ao nanogel foram eficazes no experimento quanto à reparação da musculatura esquelética.
Copaifera reticulata Ducke is a medicinal plants greatly employed in northern and northeastern Brazil. However, skin penetration is difficult when it is applied in natura. However, permeability increases through nanoformulations and phonophoresis and low frequency ultrasound that increases skin permeability of compounds. The effect of oil-resin of copaiba, in natura and in gel (nano-emulsion), associated to phonophoresis, was analyzed and compared for muscle repair in Wistar rats. Copaiba nano-emulsion was formulated by phase inversion. It was incorporated to hydrogel Carbopol® (20% nano-emulsion, 80% Carbopol®). Male animals (n=24) were divided into six groups and later underwent traumatic lesion of the gastrocnemius muscle. Muscle repair was analyzed by plasmatic dosage of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and kinase creatine (CK). Results show that topic treatments with oil-resin, associated with phonophoresis and nanogel were efficient in the assay for the repair of skeleton muscles.
ABSTRACT
Esse estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o potencial de transmissibilidade ultrassônica de um gel fitoterápico de copaíba da espécie Copaifera duckei Dwyer na concentração de 10%. A pesquisa foi registrada junto ao Sistema Brasileiro de Biodiversidade. O gel fitoterápico de Copaifera duckei 10% foi manipulado de acordo diretrizes da Farmacopéia Brasileira e testado em um aparelho de Ultrassom (US) operado na faixa de 1 MHz. Como grupos controle foram selecionados a água destilada e o gel hidroalcoólico. A análise ocorreu de forma qualitativa e quantitativa através do modelo proposto na literatura. O US foi programado para modos de corrente pulsado/contínuo e testados nas intensidades (0,2/0,4/0,6/0,8/1,0W/cm2), em 1mim/cm2. Os dados receberam tratamento estatístico pelo software BioEstat 5.3 e foi admitido um nível de significância de ≥0,05. No modo contínuo e na intensidade de 0.2W/cm2 o gel foi considerado "Bom transmissor", na intensidade de 0.4 W/cm2 e 0.6W/cm2 um "Transmissor moderado" e nas intensidades de 0.8W/cm2 e 1.0W/cm2 um "Transmissor pobre". Concluiu-se que o gel de C. duckei 10% não atenuou as ondas de US em nenhum modo ou intensidade testado. E pode assim ser adicionado a esse para tratamentos sendo considerado transmissor bom ou moderado de acordo com a intensidade do US.(AU)
This study aimed to evaluate the potential of transmissibility of an herbal gel of Copaifera duckei Dwyer at a concentration of 10%. The research was registered with the Brazilian Biodiversity System. The gel of Copaifera duckei 10% was guidelined by the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia and tested on an Ultrasound device (US) operated in the range of 1 MHz. The control groups were selected distilled water and hydro alcoholic gel. The analysis was qualitatively and quantitatively using the model proposed in the literature. The US was scheduled to current modes pulsed/continuous and tested in the intensities (0.2/0.4/0.6/0.8/1.0W/cm2) in 1mim/cm2. The data received statistical treatment by BioEstat software 5.3 and was admitted to a significance level of ≥0.05. In continuous mode and intensity of 0.2W/cm2 gel was considered "good transmitter" at the intensity of 0.4W/cm2 and 0.6W/cm2 a "moderate Transmitter" and the intensity of 0.8W/cm2 and 1.0W/cm2 a "poor transmitter". It was concluded that the 10% gel C. duckei US did not attenuate US waves in any form or intensity tested; it can thus be used for this treatment being considered a good or moderate transmitter according to the intensity of US.(AU)