Human papillomavirus detection in cervical scrapes from women attended in the Family Health Program / Detecção do papilomavírus humano em citologias cervicais de mulheres atendidas no Programa Saúde da Família / Detección del papilomavirus humano en citologías cervicales de mujeres atendidas en el Programa de Salud de la Familia

OBJECTIVES: to survey the prevalence of human papillomavirus, associated risk factors and genotype distribution in women who were referred to cervical cancer screening when attended in a Family Health Program. METHOD: we conducted a cross-sectional survey, investigating 351 women. Polymerase chain reaction for DNA amplification and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis were used to detect and typify the papillomavirus. RESULTS: virus infection was detected in 8.8% of the samples. Among the 21 different genotypes identified in this study, 14 were high risk for cervical cancer, and the type 16 was the most prevalent type. The infection was associated with women who had non-stable sexual partners. Low risk types were associated with younger women, while the high risk group was linked to altered cytology. CONCLUSION: in this sample attended a Family Health Program, we found a low rate of papillomavirus infection. Virus frequency was associated to sexual behavior. However, the broad range of genotypes detected deserves attention regarding the vaccine coverage, which includes only HPV prevalent types. .

OBJETIVOS: identificar a prevalência do papilomavírus humano, os fatores de risco associados e a distribuição dos genótipos nas mulheres referenciadas para rastreamento do câncer cervical, durante o atendimento no Programa de Saúde da Família. MÉTODO: foi realizado levantamento de corte transversal com 351 mulheres. A amplificação do DNA por reação da cadeia da polimerase e a análise do polimorfismo de fragmentos de restrição foram aplicadas para detectar e tipificar o papilomavírus. RESULTADOS: a infecção pelo vírus foi detectada em 8,8% das amostras. Entre os 21 genótipos diferentes identificados neste estudo, 14 foram de alto risco para o câncer cervical, e o tipo 16 foi o mais prevalente. A infecção foi associada a mulheres com parceiros sexuais diversos. Os tipos de baixo risco foram associados com mulheres mais novas, enquanto o grupo de alto risco foi vinculado a alterações citológicas. CONCLUSÃO: nesta amostra, atendida por um Programa de Saúde da Família, encontraram-se níveis baixos de infecção pelo papilomavírus. Foi detectada, também, associação entre a frequência do vírus e o comportamento sexual. Porém, a grande variedade de genótipos detectados merece atenção relacionada à cobertura vacinal, que abrange somente tipos prevalentes de HPV. .

OBJETIVOS: identificar la prevalencia del papilomavirus humano, los factores de riesgo asociados y la distribución de los genotipos en las mujeres referenciadas para rastreo del cáncer cervical durante la atención en el Programa de Salud de la Familia. MÉTODO: fue efectuado un levantamiento trasversal con 351 mujeres. La amplificación del DNA por reacción de la cadena de la polimerasa y el análisis del polimorfismo de fragmentos de restricción fueron aplicadas para detectar y tipificar el papilomavirus. RESULTADOS: la infección por el virus fue detectada en el 8,8% de las muestras. Entre los 21 genotipos diferentes identificados en este estudio, 14 fueron de alto riesgo para el cáncer cervical, y el tipo 16 fue el más prevalente. La infección fue asociada con mujeres con parejas sexuales diversas. Los tipos de bajo riesgo fueron asociados con mujeres más nuevas, mientras el grupo de alto riesgo fue simplemente vinculado a alteraciones citológicas. CONCLUSIÓN: en esta muestra atendida por un Programa de Salud de la Familia, encontramos niveles bajos de infección por el papilomavirus. Fue encontrada una asociación entre la frecuencia del virus y el comportamiento sexual. Sin embargo, la gran variedad de genotipos detectados merece atención relacionada a la cobertura de vacunación, que abarca solamente tipos prevalentes de HPV. .

Prevalence of human papillomavirus and Epstein-Barr virus DNA in penile cancer cases from Brazil

Penile cancer is a potentially mutilating disease. Although its occurrence is relatively rare worldwide, penile cancer rates can be high in developing countries. A few studies have been conducted on the involvement of human papillomavirus (HPV) in penile carcinoma, which have found HPV present in 30-70 percent of penile malignant lesions, with a higher prevalence of HPV 16 and 18. It has been assumed that cofactors, such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections, may play a role in the progression of penile neoplasia. The aim of this study was to determine HPV and EBV prevalence in 135 penile malignant lesions from Brazilian men through the use of MY09/11 polymerase chain reaction (PCR), type-specific PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. HPV prevalence among the men tested was 60.7 percent. Of the men who tested positive, 27 presented with HPV 16 (29.7 percent), five with HPV 18 (5.5 percent), 21 with HPV 45 (23.1 percent) and nine with HPV 6 (9.9 percent). Seven mixed infections were detected (9.2 percent), while 11 cases remained untyped (13.4 percent). Regarding EBV positivity, 46.7 percent of the samples contained EBV DNA with EBV-1 as the most prevalent type (74.6 percent). More than 23 percent of the men were co-infected with both HPV and EBV, while 35 percent presented exclusively with HPV DNA and 20 percent presented only with EBV DNA. Penile carcinoma aetiology has not been fully elucidated and the role of HPV and EBV infections individually or synergistically is still controversial. Hence, more studies are needed to determine their possible role in carcinogenesis.

HPV 16 detection in cervical lesions, physical state of viral DNA and changes in p53 gene

CONTEXT: Persistent infection with high risk human papillomavirus (HPV) has been linked to cervical carcinoma. Integration of viral DNA into host cell DNA is essential for this cancer development, promoting disruption of the HPV E2 gene, thus leading to unregulated increases in E6 and E7 proteins and inactivating the products of p53 and Rb tumor suppressor genes. OBJECTIVE: To investigate HPV 16 infection in cervical lesions, physical state of viral DNA and p53 gene alterations in a group of women attending a public health service. DESIGN: Prospective, non-controlled, transversal study. SETTING: Gynecological clinic of the School od Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense. SAMPLE: 43 consective patients with cervical lesions referred to our service. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Cases were classified via cytology/histology as normal, HPV infection, condyloma, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and carcinoma. HPV infection was studied via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using two PCR primer sets, to determine DNA integration. p53 gene changes were investigated by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. RESULTS: One normal case, 7 HPV infections, 6 condylomas, 7 LSIL, 14 HSIL and 8 cancers were found, with 95 percent positive for HPV genome when tested using both L1 and E6 primers. HPV 16 was most prevalent (73.1 percent). HPV 16 DNA was integrated within the host genome in 3 LSIL. One LSIL progressed to HSIL by 13 months after first diagnosis. Among HPV 16-positive HSIL cases, 50 percent contained integrated viral DNA. HPV 16 E2 gene disruption was seen in 7 cancers (87.5 percent). Only smal-cell carcinoma showed intact HPV 16 E2 gene. Abnormal p53 bands detected by PCR/SSCP were observed in 4 cases: 2 squamous carcinoma with parametrium (exon 8) and two cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) III (exons 5 and 7). All cases presented HPV 16 E2 gene loss. CONCLUSIONS: The sample had a high rate of high-risk HPV detected in benign and malignant lesions; high cervical cancer burden; HPV 16 DNA integration in all except one case of cancer; p53 gene changes in CIN III and in invasive cancer cases associated with DNA integration

Analysis of the p53 gene and papillomavirus detection in smears from cervical lesions

CONTEXT: Alterations of the p53 tumor suppressor gene are correlated with a critical step in the development of many human cancers.The tumor suppressor gene functions include regulation of the cell cycle and the cellular response to DNA damage, initiation of DNA repair and replication, induction of apoptosis and promotion of cell differentiation. CASE REPORT: Smears from ten cases of cervical lesions were analyzed for status of exons 5-8 of the p53 gene using PCR/SSCP. HPV infection was also screened by the PCR method using two PCR primer sets. Changes in the p53 gene were observed in a case of squamous carcinoma and a case of asymptomatic cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade III (CIN III). High-risk HPV was detected in both cases showing that HPV infection and p53 mutation are not exclusive events

Virologia humana / Human virology

Noçoes básicas de bioquímica, estrutura, morfologia, ciclo infeccioso do vírus, patogenia e patologia geral säo descritas, assim como a prevençäo e a epidemiologia das viroses.