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1.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 57: e12879, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1528101

ABSTRACT

Variations in lipid profile have been observed in sickle cell disease (SCD) and understanding their relationship with disease severity is crucial. This study aimed to investigate the association of polymorphisms of the CETP gene and laboratory markers of disease severity with lipid profile in a pediatric population with SCD. Biochemical and anthropometric analyses and CETP and alpha-thalassemia genotyping were performed. The study included 133 children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia (SCA) or hemoglobin SC disease (SCC), in steady-state. The SCA and no hydroxyurea (no HU) groups had higher values of ApoB, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) compared to the SCC and HU groups. However, there were no significant differences in ApoA1 and HDL-C levels between the groups based on genotype. Furthermore, the groups with altered levels of ApoA1, HDL-C, and the triglyceride/HDL ratio exhibited lower hemoglobin (Hb) levels and higher white blood cell counts. Hb level was associated to HDL-C levels. Analysis of CETP gene variants showed that the minor alleles of rs3764261 (C>A), rs247616 (C>T), and rs183130 (C>T), as well as the TTA haplotype, are explanatory variables for HDL-C levels. These findings suggested that dyslipidemia in SCD, specifically related to HDL-C levels, may be influenced by individual genetic background. Additionally, further investigation is needed to determine if clinical manifestations are impacted by CETP gene variants.

2.
Braz. j. biol ; 81(2): 268-277, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1153357

ABSTRACT

This study evaluated the genotoxicity of lyophilized glycolic extract of Theobroma cacao Linné seeds (TCL), using the micronucleus assay in bone marrow of mice. The interaction between TCL and doxorubicin (DXR) was also analyzed. Experimental groups were evaluated 24-48 h after treatment with N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea (NEU: 50 mg/kg), DXR (5 mg/kg), NaCl (145 mM), TCL (0.5-2 g/kg), and TCL (2 g/kg) in combination with DXR (antigenotoxic assays). Analysis of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) showed no significant differences between all the treatment doses of TCL and NaCl control. Mice experimentally treated with DXR and NEU significantly induced MNPCEs. However, a significant reduction of MNPCEs was also observed when TCL was administered in combination with the chemotherapeutic agent DXR. The analysis of the PCE/NCE ratio revealed no significant differences between the NaCl control, all doses of TCL, and DXR. However, there were significant differences in the PCE/NCE ratio between positive NEU control and all other treatments. The PCE/NCE ratio observed after treatment with TCL and DXR showed significant differences and intermediate values to controls (NaCl and NEU). This study suggests absence of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of TCL, regardless of dose, sex, and time. TCL reduced genotoxic effects induced by DXR, suggesting potential antigenotoxic effects.


Este estudo avaliou a genotoxicidade do extrato glicólico liofilizado de sementes de Theobroma cacao Linné (TCL), usando o ensaio do micronúcleo em medula óssea de camundongos. A interação entre TCL e doxorrubicina (DXR) foi também analisada. Grupos experimentais foram avaliados 24-48 h após tratamento com N-Nitroso-N-etilureia (NEU: 50 mg/kg), DXR (5 mg/kg), NaCl (145 mM), TCL (0,5-2 g/kg), e TCL (2 g/kg) em combinação com DXR (ensaio antigenotóxico). As análises de eritrócitos policromáticos micronucleados (EPCMNs) não mostraram diferenças significantes entre todas as doses de tratamento do TCL e o controle NaCl. Camundongos experimentalmente tratados com DXR e NEU induziram significativamente EPCMNs. Contudo, uma redução significante de EPCMNs foi também observada quando TCL foi administrada em combinação com o agente quimioterapêutico DXR. As análises da relação EPC/ENC (eritrócito policromático/eritrócito normocromático) revelaram ausência de diferenças significantes entre o controle NaCl, todas as doses de TCL e DXR. Contudo, houve diferenças significantes na relação EPC/ENC entre o controle positivo NEU e todos os outros tratamento. A relação ECP/ENC observada após o tratamento com TCL e DXR mostrou diferenças significantes e valores intermediários aos controles (NaCl e NEU). Este estudo sugere ausência de genotoxicidade e citotoxicidade de TCL, independentemente da dose, sexo e tempo. TCL reduziu os efeitos genotóxicos induzidos por DXR, sugerindo potencial efeitos antigenotóxicos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , DNA Damage , Cacao/toxicity , Cytotoxins/analysis , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Micronucleus Tests , Doxorubicin , Erythrocytes
3.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 72(4): 1522-1534, July-Aug. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1131523

ABSTRACT

Objetivou-se avaliar, nos meses, nas estações do ano e nas rotas de coleta, a ocorrência de leite instável não ácido (LINA) e de outras classes de leite, de acidez titulável, densidade e crioscopia em 10.654 resultados de laticínio localizado em Montes Claros, MG. Em rotas de coleta, agruparam-se:a)Bocaiúva; Brasília de Minas, Coração de Jesus e São João da Lagoa; b) Capitão Enéas e Janaúba; Francisco Sá; c) Icaraí de Minas e São Francisco; d)Juramento e Glaucilândia; e) Montes Claros; f) Pedras de Maria da Cruz, Japonvar, Lontra e São João da Ponte;e g) Ubaí. Foram avaliados frequências das classes de leite, teste do álcool, acidez titulável, densidade e crioscopiapor mês, estação do ano e rota. Com testes de qui-quadrado e análises de variância, verificou-se influência de mês, estação do ano e rota em acidez titulável, densidade e crioscopia. Análises de correspondência múltipla descreveram a associação de classes de leite e mês ou rotas e de teste do álcool, acidez titulável, densidade e crioscopia em relação às estações do ano.Por regressão logística, calculou-se probabilidade de ocorrência de LINA por grupos de meses e de rotas. Houve maior porcentagem de amostras dentro da normalidade. Resultados normais, LINA, amostras alcalinas e ácidas foram, respectivamente, 79,46%; 12,93%; 4,14% e 3,48% de 10.271 resultados. Positividade ao teste do álcool (n=10.561) foi mais frequente no final do inverno. LINA associou-se à transição da seca para chuva, com maior chance de ocorrência em setembro e janeiro. As rotas de Brasília de Minas, Icaraí de Minas e Ubaí apresentaram maiores desconformidades e probabilidades para ocorrência de LINA.(AU)


The purpose of this study was to evaluate in the months, seasons and collection routes, the occurrence of non-acidic unstable milk (UNAM) and other milk categories, titratable acidity, density and cryoscopy in 10,654 samples from a dairy industry located in Montes Claros, MG, Brazil. Municipalities were grouped in collection routes: a) Bocaiúva; Brasília de Minas, Coração de Jesus and São João da Lagoa; b) Capitão Enéas and Janaúba; c) Francisco Sá; Icaraí de Minas and São Francisco; d) Juramento and Glaucilândia; e) Montes Claros; f) Pedras de Maria da Cruz, Japonvar, Lontra and São João da Ponte and g) Ubaí. The milk category frequencies and alcohol test, titratable acidity, density and cryoscopy of milk by months, season and routes were evaluated. Chi-square tests and variance analysis showed the influence of month, season and route on titratable acidity, density and cryoscopy. Multiple correspondence analyzes described the association of milk and month or routes and alcohol test categories, titratable acidity, density and cryoscopy in relation to the seasons. The probability of occurrence of LINA by month and route groups was calculated by logistic regression. There were a higher percentage of samples within the normal range. Normal, UNAM, alkaline and acid milk results were respectively 79.46, 12.93, 4.14 and 3.48% of 10,271 results. Alcohol test positivity (n=10,561) was more frequent in late winter. UNAM was associated with the transition from drought to rainy season, most likely to occur in September and January. The Brasília de Minas, Icaraí de Minas and Ubaí routes presented higher nonconformities and probabilities for UNAM occurrence.(AU)


Subject(s)
Milk/chemistry , Acidity/analysis , Brazil , Food Chemistry/analysis , Chi-Square Distribution , Dry Season , Rainy Season
4.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 71(5): 1759-1763, set.-out. 2019. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1038662

ABSTRACT

It was determined by the total collection of excreta method, with broilers from 22 to 32 days of age, the coefficients of apparent metabolism of dry matter, crude protein and crude energy and apparent metabolizable energy corrected for zero nitrogen balance (AMEn) of the ethanol co-products of corn: acid oil and dried distillery grains with soluble (DDGS). The DDGS and corn acid oil presented nutritional metabolization coefficients ranging from 43 to 83% and AMEn equal 2393.5 and 7859.2kcal/kg respectively, and may be food alternatives to soybean meal and soybean oil.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Chickens , Biomass , Zea mays , Ethanol/analysis , Garbage , Animal Feed/analysis
5.
Braz. j. biol ; 79(3): 516-520, July-Sept. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1001464

ABSTRACT

Abstract Anesthesia can be utilized as a non-lethal procedure to allow easy handling of teleosts and elasmobranchs in captivity or in the wild. For this, anesthetic protocols need to be established according to the species. The aim of this study was to determine the ideal concentration of eugenol for anesthesia of Zapteryx brevirostris. Four concentrations were tested: 21.25, 42.50, 85.00 and 170.00 mg L-1 (ratio of 1:5 with absolute ethanol). The perfect concentration of eugenol for this species was 85.0 mg L-1 , which enabled up to 300 seconds of work on the fish, without any response to handling.


Resumo A anestesia pode ser utilizada como um procedimento não letal que facilita o manejo de teleósteos e elasmobrânquios de cativeiro e de vida livre. Para isso, protocolos anestésicos devem ser estabelecidos de acordo com a espécie. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a concentração ideal do eugenol para anestesiar Zapteryx brevirostris. Foram testadas as concentrações de 21,25; 42,50; 85,00 e 170,00 mg L-1 (1:5 de álcool absoluto). A concentração de 85,0 mg L-1 de eugenol foi a mais adequada para a espécie, permitindo uma janela de trabalho de até trezentos segundos com o animal não respondendo ao manejo.


Subject(s)
Animals , Skates, Fish/physiology , Eugenol/therapeutic use , Anesthesia/veterinary , Anesthetics/therapeutic use
6.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 71(4): 1364-1374, jul.-ago. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1038613

ABSTRACT

Desde tempos remotos, a pelagem é valorizada no agronegócio equestre. Em animais Campolina, objetivou-se avaliar a ocorrência de pelagens e a distribuição entre sexos nos estados do Brasil, assim como verificar a frequência desse fenótipo nos acasalamentos e associá-lo com medidas lineares e qualidade da marcha. Foram selecionados 44.437 registros definitivos e utilizaram-se testes de qui-quadrado para avaliar a distribuição de pelagens entre sexos, estados e décadas. Por análise descritiva, foi obtida frequência de acasalamento dos fenótipos e proporções resultantes nos filhos. Foram contabilizados os indivíduos acasalados e os mais usados por décadas de nascimento e de registro. Pelagens baia, alazã e castanha predominaram, com 20.422; 11.941 e 5.256 animais, respectivamente. O fenótipo baio representou 45,21% em Minas Gerais; 46,98% no Rio de Janeiro e 48,98% em São Paulo. Para machos e fêmeas constatou-se maior frequência de pelagens baia, alazã e castanha. Os acasalamentos mais frequentes foram alazã x baia, baia x baia e baia x castanha. Este é o primeiro artigo a avaliar a ocorrência das pelagens em equinos da raça Campolina, sendo baia a mais prevalente em ambos os sexos. A qualidade da marcha ao registro não está associada à pelagem. Esse fenótipo deve ser usado com cautela na seleção.(AU)


Since ancient times, coat colors are valued in the equestrian business. The objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of coat colors and distribution among sexes in Brazil and also verify the frequency of this phenotype in reproduction to associate it with linear measurements and functionality. 44,437 definitive records were selected, and chi-square tests were used to evaluate coat colors and distribution between sexes, states and decades. By descriptive analysis the phenotypes breeding frequency and proportions in the offspring were obtained. Breeding and most used individuals were accounted by decade of birth and registration. Dun, chestnut and bay coat colors predominated, with 20,422; 11,941 and 5,256 animals, respectively. Dun represented 45.21% in Minas Gerais; 46.98% in Rio de Janeiro and 48.98% in São Paulo. For males and females there was a higher frequency of dun, chestnut and bay. The most frequent breeding colors were chestnut x dun, dun x dun and dun x bay. This is the first article to evaluate the coat colors in the Campolina population, dun being the most prevalent coat color in both sexes. The gait quality at the register is not associated with the coat color. This phenotype should be used with caution in selection.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Phenotype , Animal Fur/anatomy & histology , Gene Frequency , Horses
7.
Braz. j. biol ; 78(1): 1-12, Feb. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-888851

ABSTRACT

Abstract Handroanthus impetiginosus has long been used in traditional medicine and various studies have determined the presence of bioactive chemical compounds and potential phytotherapeutics. In this study, the genotoxicity of the lyophilized tincture of H. impetiginosus bark (THI) was evaluated in mouse bone marrow using micronucleus assays. The interaction between THI and genotoxic effects induced by the chemotherapeutic agent, doxorubicin (DXR), was also analyzed. Experimental groups were evaluated 24 to 48 h after treatment with N-nitroso-N-ethylurea (NEU; 50 mg/kg), DXR (5 mg/kg), sodium chloride (NaCl; 150 mM), and THI (0.5-2 g/kg). Antigenotoxic assays were carried out using THI (0.5 g/kg) in combination with NEU or DXR. Analysis of the micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) indicated no significant differences between treatment doses of THI (0.5-2 g/kg) and NaCl. Polychromatic erythrocyte (PCE) to normochromatic erythrocyte (NCE) ratios did not indicate any statistical differences between DXR and THI or NaCl, but there were differences between THI and NaCl. A significant reduction in MNPCEs and PCE/NCE ratios was observed when THI was administered in combination with DXR. This study suggested the absence of THI genotoxicity that was dose-, time-, and gender-independent and the presence of moderate systemic toxicity that was dose-independent, but time- and gender-dependent. The combination of THI and DXR also suggested antigenotoxic effects, indicating that THI reduced genotoxic effects induced by chemotherapeutic agents.


Resumo Handroanthus impetiginosus tem sido usada durante um longo período pela medicina tradicional e vários estudos têm demonstrados a presença de compostos químicos e potencial fitoterapêutico. Esta pesquisa avaliou a genotoxicidade da tintura da casca liofilizada de H. impetiginosus (THI) usando o ensaio do micronúcleo em medula óssea de camundongos. A interação entre THI e os efeitos genotóxicos induzidos pelo quimioterápico doxorrubicina (DXR) também foram analisados. Grupos experimentais foram analisados a 24-48 h após o tratamento com N-Nitroso-N-etiluréia (NEU; 50 mg/kg), DXR (5 mg/kg), NaCl (150 mM) e THI (0,5-2 g/kg). O ensaio antigenotóxico foi conduzido utilizando THI (0,5 g/kg) em combinação com NEU ou DXR. A análise de eritrócitos policromáticos micronucleados (EPCMNs) não mostrou diferenças significativas entre as doses de tratamento (0,5-2 g/kg) e NaCl. As proporções de eritrócitos policromáticos (EPC)/eritrócitos normocromáticos (ENC) não revelaram diferenças estatísticas entre DXR e THI ou NaCl, porém houve diferenças entre THI e NaCl. Uma redução significativa em EPCMNs e na razão EPC/ENC foi observada quando THI foi administrado em combinação com DXR. Essa pesquisa sugere ausência de genotoxicidade de THI, dose-, tempo- e sexo-independente, e moderada toxicidade sistêmica dose-independente, mas tempo- e sexo-dependente. A associação do THI e DXR também sugere efeitos antigenotóxicos. Por conseguinte, THI pode reduzir os efeitos genotóxicos induzidos pelo quimioterapêutico.


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , DNA Damage/drug effects , Bone Marrow Cells/cytology , Bone Marrow Cells/drug effects , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Doxorubicin/toxicity , Protective Agents/pharmacology , Micronucleus Tests , Cells, Cultured , Tabebuia/chemistry
8.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1467052

ABSTRACT

Abstract Handroanthus impetiginosus has long been used in traditional medicine and various studies have determined the presence of bioactive chemical compounds and potential phytotherapeutics. In this study, the genotoxicity of the lyophilized tincture of H. impetiginosus bark (THI) was evaluated in mouse bone marrow using micronucleus assays. The interaction between THI and genotoxic effects induced by the chemotherapeutic agent, doxorubicin (DXR), was also analyzed. Experimental groups were evaluated 24 to 48 h after treatment with N-nitroso-N-ethylurea (NEU; 50 mg/kg), DXR (5 mg/kg), sodium chloride (NaCl; 150 mM), and THI (0.5-2 g/kg). Antigenotoxic assays were carried out using THI (0.5 g/kg) in combination with NEU or DXR. Analysis of the micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) indicated no significant differences between treatment doses of THI (0.5-2 g/kg) and NaCl. Polychromatic erythrocyte (PCE) to normochromatic erythrocyte (NCE) ratios did not indicate any statistical differences between DXR and THI or NaCl, but there were differences between THI and NaCl. A significant reduction in MNPCEs and PCE/NCE ratios was observed when THI was administered in combination with DXR. This study suggested the absence of THI genotoxicity that was dose-, time-, and gender-independent and the presence of moderate systemic toxicity that was dose-independent, but time- and gender-dependent. The combination of THI and DXR also suggested antigenotoxic effects, indicating that THI reduced genotoxic effects induced by chemotherapeutic agents.


Resumo Handroanthus impetiginosus tem sido usada durante um longo período pela medicina tradicional e vários estudos têm demonstrados a presença de compostos químicos e potencial fitoterapêutico. Esta pesquisa avaliou a genotoxicidade da tintura da casca liofilizada de H. impetiginosus (THI) usando o ensaio do micronúcleo em medula óssea de camundongos. A interação entre THI e os efeitos genotóxicos induzidos pelo quimioterápico doxorrubicina (DXR) também foram analisados. Grupos experimentais foram analisados a 24-48 h após o tratamento com N-Nitroso-N-etiluréia (NEU; 50 mg/kg), DXR (5 mg/kg), NaCl (150 mM) e THI (0,5-2 g/kg). O ensaio antigenotóxico foi conduzido utilizando THI (0,5 g/kg) em combinação com NEU ou DXR. A análise de eritrócitos policromáticos micronucleados (EPCMNs) não mostrou diferenças significativas entre as doses de tratamento (0,5-2 g/kg) e NaCl. As proporções de eritrócitos policromáticos (EPC)/eritrócitos normocromáticos (ENC) não revelaram diferenças estatísticas entre DXR e THI ou NaCl, porém houve diferenças entre THI e NaCl. Uma redução significativa em EPCMNs e na razão EPC/ENC foi observada quando THI foi administrado em combinação com DXR. Essa pesquisa sugere ausência de genotoxicidade de THI, dose-, tempo- e sexo-independente, e moderada toxicidade sistêmica dose-independente, mas tempo- e sexo-dependente. A associação do THI e DXR também sugere efeitos antigenotóxicos. Por conseguinte, THI pode reduzir os efeitos genotóxicos induzidos pelo quimioterapêutico.

9.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1467216

ABSTRACT

Abstract Anesthesia can be utilized as a non-lethal procedure to allow easy handling of teleosts and elasmobranchs in captivity or in the wild. For this, anesthetic protocols need to be established according to the species. The aim of this study was to determine the ideal concentration of eugenol for anesthesia of Zapteryx brevirostris. Four concentrations were tested: 21.25, 42.50, 85.00 and 170.00 mg L-1 (ratio of 1:5 with absolute ethanol). The perfect concentration of eugenol for this species was 85.0 mg L-1 , which enabled up to 300 seconds of work on the fish, without any response to handling.


Resumo A anestesia pode ser utilizada como um procedimento não letal que facilita o manejo de teleósteos e elasmobrânquios de cativeiro e de vida livre. Para isso, protocolos anestésicos devem ser estabelecidos de acordo com a espécie. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a concentração ideal do eugenol para anestesiar Zapteryx brevirostris. Foram testadas as concentrações de 21,25; 42,50; 85,00 e 170,00 mg L-1 (1:5 de álcool absoluto). A concentração de 85,0 mg L-1 de eugenol foi a mais adequada para a espécie, permitindo uma janela de trabalho de até trezentos segundos com o animal não respondendo ao manejo.

10.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1467442

ABSTRACT

Abstract This study evaluated the genotoxicity of lyophilized glycolic extract of Theobroma cacao Linné seeds (TCL), using the micronucleus assay in bone marrow of mice. The interaction between TCL and doxorubicin (DXR) was also analyzed. Experimental groups were evaluated 24-48 h after treatment with N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea (NEU: 50 mg/kg), DXR (5 mg/kg), NaCl (145 mM), TCL (0.5-2 g/kg), and TCL (2 g/kg) in combination with DXR (antigenotoxic assays). Analysis of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) showed no significant differences between all the treatment doses of TCL and NaCl control. Mice experimentally treated with DXR and NEU significantly induced MNPCEs. However, a significant reduction of MNPCEs was also observed when TCL was administered in combination with the chemotherapeutic agent DXR. The analysis of the PCE/NCE ratio revealed no significant differences between the NaCl control, all doses of TCL, and DXR. However, there were significant differences in the PCE/NCE ratio between positive NEU control and all other treatments. The PCE/NCE ratio observed after treatment with TCL and DXR showed significant differences and intermediate values to controls (NaCl and NEU). This study suggests absence of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of TCL, regardless of dose, sex, and time. TCL reduced genotoxic effects induced by DXR, suggesting potential antigenotoxic effects.


Resumo Este estudo avaliou a genotoxicidade do extrato glicólico liofilizado de sementes de Theobroma cacao Linné (TCL), usando o ensaio do micronúcleo em medula óssea de camundongos. A interação entre TCL e doxorrubicina (DXR) foi também analisada. Grupos experimentais foram avaliados 24-48 h após tratamento com N-Nitroso-N-etilureia (NEU: 50 mg/kg), DXR (5 mg/kg), NaCl (145 mM), TCL (0,5-2 g/kg), e TCL (2 g/kg) em combinação com DXR (ensaio antigenotóxico). As análises de eritrócitos policromáticos micronucleados (EPCMNs) não mostraram diferenças significantes entre todas as doses de tratamento do TCL e o controle NaCl. Camundongos experimentalmente tratados com DXR e NEU induziram significativamente EPCMNs. Contudo, uma redução significante de EPCMNs foi também observada quando TCL foi administrada em combinação com o agente quimioterapêutico DXR. As análises da relação EPC/ENC (eritrócito policromático/eritrócito normocromático) revelaram ausência de diferenças significantes entre o controle NaCl, todas as doses de TCL e DXR. Contudo, houve diferenças significantes na relação EPC/ENC entre o controle positivo NEU e todos os outros tratamento. A relação ECP/ENC observada após o tratamento com TCL e DXR mostrou diferenças significantes e valores intermediários aos controles (NaCl e NEU). Este estudo sugere ausência de genotoxicidade e citotoxicidade de TCL, independentemente da dose, sexo e tempo. TCL reduziu os efeitos genotóxicos induzidos por DXR, sugerindo potencial efeitos antigenotóxicos.

11.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 50(7): e5984, 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-951698

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present study was to systematically review the recent literature about pain and distress outcomes in children and critically analyze the methodological quality of the reports. The systematic review was based on the PRISMA statement and performed by selecting articles that are indexed in scientific databases. The methodological quality of reports was examined using STROBE statement, for observational studies, and CONSORT statement, for randomized controlled trials. The PedIMMPACT consensus was used to evaluate the psychometric quality of pain instruments. We analyzed 23 empirical studies, including 14 randomized controlled trials, seven cross-sectional studies, and two studies with cohort designs. Fourteen studies included preschool- and schoolchildren, and nine studies included infants. Regarding studies with infants, pain responses were evaluated by heart rate, crying and behavioral observation scales, and distress was evaluated only by salivary cortisol. Four-handed care and sensorial saturation interventions were used to evaluate efficacy to reduce pain and distress responses. Concerning studies with children, both pain and distress responses were evaluated by self- and hetero-reports, behavioral observation and/or physiological measures. Distraction was effective for reducing pain and distress during burn dressing changes and needle procedures, and healing touch intervention reduced distress and pain in chronic patients. All of the studies scored at least 60% in the methodological quality assessment. The pain outcomes included measures of validity that were classified as well-established by the PedIMMPACT. This systematic review gathers scientific evidence of distress-associated pain in children. Pain and distress were measured as distinct constructs, and their associations were poorly analyzed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child , Stress, Psychological/psychology , Pain Measurement/methods , Pain Management/methods , Pain Measurement/psychology , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Pain Management/psychology
12.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 49(5): e5060, 2016.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-778342

ABSTRACT

Controversy still exists over whether the benefits of the available HPV vaccines outweigh the risks and this has suppressed uptake of the HPV vaccines in comparison to other vaccines. Concerns about HPV vaccine safety have led some physicians, healthcare officials and parents to withhold the recommended vaccination from the target population. The most common reason for not administering the prophylactic HPV vaccines are concerns over adverse effects. The aim of this review is the assessment of peer-reviewed scientific data related to measurable outcomes from the use of HPV vaccines throughout the world with focused attention on the potential adverse effects. We found that the majority of studies continue to suggest a positive risk-benefit from vaccination against HPV, with minimal documented adverse effects, which is consistent with other vaccines. However, much of the published scientific data regarding the safety of HPV vaccines appears to originate from within the financially competitive HPV vaccine market. We advocate a more independent monitoring system for vaccine immunogenicity and adverse effects to address potential conflicts of interest with regular systematic literature reviews by qualified individuals to vigilantly assess and communicate adverse effects associated with HPV vaccination. Finally, our evaluation suggests that an expanded use of HPV vaccine into more diverse populations, particularly those living in low-resource settings, would provide numerous health and social benefits.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control , Papillomavirus Vaccines/administration & dosage , Vaccination , Papillomavirus Vaccines/adverse effects , Vaccination/adverse effects
13.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 67(3): 679-688, May-Jun/2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-753939

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the mushroom Agaricus blazeii Murril (ABM) extracts on the hematological profile of Swiss mice bearing an Ehrlich solid tumor. Three fractions (total extract, polysaccharides, and supernatant) of ABM extracts obtained by four methods (ultrasonic or water bath, at pH 4 or pH 7) were administered to mice over 21 days. Polysaccharide solutions were analyzed by gas and liquid chromatography that showed both mannose and glucose concentrations. The method of extraction influenced the degree of glucose polymerization and the mannose/glucose relationship. The treatment with ABM supernatant at pH 7 and water bath was associated with reduced concentrations of leukocytes and lymphocytes and altered the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes in Ehrlich tumor-bearing mice. The treatment with the ABM extract in water bath and ultrasound at pH 4 resulted in lower lymphocyte counts, regardless of tumor presence, and greater granulocyte values in mice with Ehrlich tumor than in controls. We concluded that different fractions and methods of extraction of A. blazei produced differing blood profiles in mice inoculated with the Ehrlich tumor.


O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o efeito de diferentes extratos do cogumelo Agaricus blazeii Murril (ABM) sobre o perfil hematológico de camundongos Swiss portadores de tumor de Ehrlich sólido. Três frações (extrato total, polissacarídeos e sobrenadante) dos extratos de ABM foram obtidas por quatro métodos (sonificador, banho-maria, em pH 4 ou pH 7) e administradas para camundongos durante 21 dias. Soluções de polissacarídeos foram analisadas por cromatografia gasosa e líquida, que mostraram concentrações de glucose e manose. O método de extração influenciou o grau de polimerização da glicose e a relação manose/glucose. O tratamento com o sobrenadante de ABM (em pH 7 e banho-maria) estava associado com reduzidas concentrações de leucócitos e linfócitos, além de alterar a porcentagem de linfócitos CD4+ e CD8+ em camundongos portadores de tumor sólido de Ehrlich. O tratamento com extratos de ABM, obtidos tanto em banho-maria como no sonificador em pH 4, resultou nas mais baixas contagens de linfócitos, independentemente da presença do tumor, e nos maiores valores de granulócitos em camundongos com tumor de Ehrlich. Conclui-se que os diferentes métodos de extração com as respectivas frações de A. blazei são capazes de intereferir no perfil hematológico de camundongos com tumor sólido de Ehrlich.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Mice , Agaricus , Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor/therapy , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Glucose/chemistry , Mannose/chemistry , Analytic Sample Preparation Methods/veterinary , Polymerization , Polysaccharides/administration & dosage , Serologic Tests/veterinary
14.
Rev. MVZ Córdoba ; 20(1): 4436-4446, ene.-abr. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-957300

ABSTRACT

Objectives. To research parental behavior and measure the weight of Nelore and Guzerat calves up to 120 days of age, collecting data from birth up to the first lactation. Materials and methods. Seven different corporal positions were considered to obtain specific data for each of the following categories: time to stand (TP), time to intend to feed after standing (TPTM), weight at birth (PN), weight at 120 days (P120), and time in contact with the calf (TCC). Additionally, independent variables were also evaluated, organized by class: weight at birth (CPN), number of calvings (CNP), order of calving in relation with the herd (CLPR), time of calving (CHP), and finally, hindering to feed (CTAT). Results. There was a significant result in favor of the Nelore race over the Guzerat race. The statistical averages for Nelore and Guzerat were: Time to stand averaged 71 and 153 minutes; time to intend to feed after standing, 39 minutes for Nelore and of 114 minutes for Guzerat. For variable weight at 120 days, Nelore reached an average of 122 kg, and Guzerat 109 kg. For the time in contact with the calf variable there was no significant variance between races. Conclusions. Results showed the superiority of the Nelore race, considering it better adapted to local environmental conditions.


Objetivo. Investigar el comportamiento materno y observar su influencia en el peso de los terneros de las razas Nelore y Guzerat hasta los 120 días de edad, evaluándolos desde su nacimiento hasta el primer amamantamient. Materiales y métodos. Se consideraron siete posturas corporales diferentes, las cuales fueron usadas para obtener las observaciones específicas en cada una de las siguientes categorías: Tiempo para ponerse de pie (TP), Tiempo para intentar lactar después de ponerse de pie (TPTM), peso al nacer (PN), peso a los 120 días (P120) y tiempo de contacto con la cría (TCC). Se evaluaron las variables independientes, organizadas en clases: peso al nacer (CPN); número de partos (CNP); orden del parto en relación al rebaño (CLPR); hora del parto (CHP) y obstaculización de mamada (CTAT). Resultados. Se obtuvo un mejor resultado en los terneros de la raza Nelore en relación a los de la raza Guzerat. Los promedios estadísticos para Nelore y Guzerat fueron los siguientes: TP con media de 71 y 153 minutos; TPTM de 39 y 114 minutos; P120 con 122 kg para terneros Nelore y 109 kg para los de la raza Guzerat. La variable TCC no obtuvo una diferencia significativa entre las razas. Conclusiones. Los resultados demuestran una superioridad para animales de la raza Nelore, lo que permite inferir que poseen una mejor adaptación a las condiciones ambientales locales.

15.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 66(2): 489-496, Jan.-Apr. 2014. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-709289

ABSTRACT

Avaliou-se o desenvolvimento do trato digestivo de bezerros Holandeses aleitados com silagem de leite de transição. Foram utilizados 18 animais, com peso corporal inicial médio de 36,50kg (±4,03), alimentados individualmente em baias com concentrado, feno de Cynodon sp., água e suplemento mineral oferecidos ad libitum. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, com três tratamentos e seis repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram em leite integral e silagem de leite de transição diluída em água ou misturada em leite, correspondendo a quatro litros diários divididos em duas refeições, durante 59 dias. Aos 60 dias, os bezerros foram abatidos e realizaram-se pesagens do trato digestivo e medidas histológicas das papilas ruminais. O sistema de aleitamento não interferiu nos consumos de concentrado e matéria seca total e no desenvolvimento de papilas ruminais (P>0,05). A silagem de leite de transição diluída em água resultou em menor peso corporal, menor peso corporal vazio e absoluto do abomaso e maior desenvolvimento intestinal. O aleitamento com silagem misturada em leite não comprometeu o desenvolvimento corporal e do trato digestivo até 60 dias de idade, representando alternativa ao aleitamento com leite...


This study aimed to evaluate the development of the digestive tract of Holstein calves which suckled milk from silage transition. We used 18 animals, with an average initial body weight of 36.50kg (±4.03), individually housed in pens with concentrate, hay Cynodon sp., water and mineral supplement offered ad libitum. The experimental design was completely randomized with three treatments and six replications. Treatments consisted of whole milk and silage transitional milk, diluted with water or mixed with milk, corresponding to four liters per day divided over two meals during 59 days. The food intake was monitored daily and weighed every week after the supply of liquid diet in the morning. At 60 days, the calves were slaughtered and the digestive tract was weighed and histological measures of rumen papillae were taken. The nursing system did not affect the consumption of concentrate and total dry matter and the development of rumen papillae (P>0.05). The silage transition milk diluted in water resulted in lower final body weight, lower body weight and absolute emptiness abomasum and intestinal further development. Milk transition silage mixed in milk did not affect the development of the digestive tract and body until 60 days of age, representing an alternative to milk...


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Body Weight , Cattle/growth & development , Cattle/physiology , Mitotic Index/veterinary , Milk , Gastrointestinal Tract/growth & development , Animal Feed , Cynodon , Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena/physiology
16.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 66(2): 505-509, Jan.-Apr. 2014. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-709291

ABSTRACT

Avaliou-se o tamanho absoluto e relativo dos órgãos internos de bezerros Holandeses aleitados com leite, silagem de leite de transição diluída em água ou misturada em leite. Foram utilizados 18 animais, machos, com 60 dias de idade e peso corporal médio de 70,3kg (±11,8kg). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, com três tratamentos e seis repetições. Os animais foram abatidos aos dois meses de idade, sendo previamente submetidos a jejum alimentar de 16 horas. O aleitamento modificou os pesos dos órgãos internos e da gordura omental dos animais, exceto para rins e gordura mesentérica, e não alterou o consumo de alimentos sólidos. A silagem de leite de transição diluída em água comprometeu o desempenho dos bezerros, refletindo no peso dos órgãos internos e de gordura omental, e apresentou pesos absolutos para fígado, baço e gordura omental de 1.072, 186 e 133g, respectivamente. A silagem misturada em leite proporcionou resultados mais semelhantes ao fornecimento exclusivo de leite, demonstrando-se como opção para o aleitamento de bovinos jovens...


This study aimed to evaluate the absolute and relative size of internal organs of Holstein calves which suckled milk, silage transition milk diluted with water or mixed in milk. We used 18 male animals, 60 days old with a mean body weight of 70.3kg (± 11.8kg). The experimental design was completely randomized with three treatments and six replications. The animals were slaughtered at two months, and previously fasted for 16 hours. Breast feeding changed the weights of internal organs and omental fat of animals, except for kidney and mesenteric fat, and did not affect food intake solids. The silage transition milk diluted in water compromised the performance of the calves, reflecting on the weight of internal organs and omental fat, and showed absolute weights for liver, spleen and omental fat of 1072, 186 and 133g, respectively. The silage mixed with milk yielded results more similar to the exclusive milk supply, being an option for suckling calves...


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Cattle/growth & development , Cattle/physiology , Colostrum , Milk , Silage , Animal Feed , Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena/physiology , Body Weights and Measures/veterinary
17.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-718819

ABSTRACT

A Uncaria tomentosa (Willd) D. C. (unha de gato) é uma planta amplamente utilizada na medicina popular, originária da Amazônia. Possui atividades biológicas, como anti-inflamatória, antimutagênica e antioxidante. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana do extrato de U. tomentosa, seco e hidroalcoólico, obtido comercialmente, utilizando-se 12 cepas de microrganismos (6 Gram-positvas e 6 Gram-negativas). Os testes antimicrobianos foram realizados em ágar BHI pela técnica de difusão em ágar. Também foram determinadas a Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e Concentração Microbicida Mínima (CMM). Os testes demonstraram que os extratos inibiram o crescimento de bactérias Gram-positivas e Gram-negativas, sendo o extrato hidroalcoólico mais eficiente que o extrato seco. Conclui-se que o extrato de U. tomentosa possui atividade antimicrobiana podendo ser utilizado como uma alternativa terapêutica de baixo custo...


The plant Uncaria tomentosa (Willd) DC. (cat's claw), found in the Amazon region and widely used in popular medicine, has anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic and antioxidant activities. The aim of this study was to test the antimicrobial activity of two commercially prepared extracts of U. tomentosa, one dried extract of bark and the other hydroalcoholic leaf extract, against 12 strains of bacteria (6 Gram-positive and 6 Gram-negative). The antimicrobial tests were conducted by diffusion in BHI agar. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and the Minimum Microbicidal Concentration (MMC) were also determined. The tests showed that both extracts inhibited the growth of Gram-positive bacteria, but the hydroalcoholic extract was more effective and also inhibited Gram-negative bacteria. It is concluded that the U. tomentosa extract has an antimicrobial activity and can be used as a low-cost alternative treatment...


Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents , Cat's Claw , Hydroalcoholic Solution , Plant Extracts
18.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 16(3): 585-592, jul.-set. 2014. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-722280

ABSTRACT

Inúmeros esforços têm sido dirigidos para conferir às plantas seu real papel e valor na terapia. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana, mutagênica, toxicidade, e os efeitos no crescimento e diferenciação de Herpetomonas samuelpessoai, do extrato hidroalcoólico de Bauhinia forficata. Para avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana foi realizado o teste de difusão em ágar, bem como a determinação das concentrações inibitória (CIM) e microbicida mínimas (CMM). O potencial clastogênico e/ou aneugênico, in vivo, foi avaliado usando o teste do micronúcleo em medula óssea de camundongos Swiss albinus. Foi determinada também a dose letal média (DL50). O extrato inibiu o crescimento de oito bactérias, mostrando-se mais ativo para Gram-positivas e não foi eficiente para os fungos, tendo sido ativo nas concentrações de 2000, 1000, 500 e 250 mg/mL contra os microrganismos testados. Os resultados mostraram que nas concentrações administradas (500, 1000 e 2000 mg/Kg), não houve aumento estatisticamente significativo de micronúcleos. Não houve ação no crescimento e diferenciação de Herpetomonas samuelpessoai nas concentrações testadas. Com relação a DL50, o extrato não apresentou toxicidade.


Numerous efforts have been directed to discover the role and the value of plants in therapy. This work aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity, mutagenicity, toxicity and effects on growth and differentiation of Herpetomonas samuelpessoai of the hydroalcoholic extract of Bauhinia forficata. To evaluate the antimicrobial activity it was performed the agar diffusion test, minimum inhibitory (MIC) and microbicidal (MMC) concentrations. The in vivo clastogenic and / or aneugênic potential was evaluated using the micronucleus test in mice bone marrow Swiss albinus. It was also determined the median lethal dose (LD50). The extract inhibited the growth of eight bacteria, being more active against Gram-positiveones, and was not active against fungi. The microorganisms tested had MIC concentrations of 2000, 1000, 500 and 250 mg / mL. The results showed that the tested concentrations (500, 1000 and 2000 mg / kg) had no statistically significant increasedthe micronucleus. There was no action on the growth and differentiation of Herpetomonas samuelpessoai at the concentrations tested. In respect to the LD50, the extract showed no toxicity.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Mice , Trypanosomatina/growth & development , Bauhinia/drug effects , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Mutagenicity Tests
19.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 65(2): 460-468, abr. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-673122

ABSTRACT

Os objetivos propostos no presente trabalho foram a validação da predição de modelos de regressão linear de 1º grau, dos valores estimados de energia metabolizável (EM) em função dos valores observados de EM do milho, obtidos em ensaios biológicos com suínos. Setenta e quatro registros de composição química e energética do milho foram obtidos na literatura e utilizados para estimar a EM de 41 modelos de predição em função da composição química. A significância dos parâmetros (β0 e β1) da regressão foi avaliada pelo teste t parcial, e a validação da predição dos modelos de 1º grau foi obtida pela aceitação da hipótese de nulidade conjunta β0=0 e β1=1. Os modelos EM7 = 1,099 + 0,740EB - 5,5MM - 3,7FDN; EM9 = 16,13 - 9,5FDN + 16EE + 23PB*FDN - 138MM*FDN e EM13 = 5,42 - 17,2FDN - 19,4MM + 0,709EB são os mais adequados para estimar os valores de EM do milho e podem ser utilizados como ferramenta para formulação de rações para suínos.


The proposed objective of this study was to validate the prediction of linear regression models of the first degree, the estimated values of metabolizable energy (ME) regarding the observed ME values of maize obtained in biological assays with swine. Seventy four records of chemical and energetic composition of maize were obtained from literature and used to estimate the ME of 41 prediction models depending on the chemical composition. The significance of the regression parameters (β0and β1)was evaluated by partial t test and the prediction validation of first degree models was obtained by accepting the null hypothesis β0=0 and β1=1. The ME7= 1.099 + 0.740GE - 5.5MM - 3.7NDF; ME9= 16.13 - 9.5NDF + 16EE + 23CP*NDF - 138MM* NDF and ME13= 5.42 - 17.2 NDF - 19.4MM + 0.709GE models are the most adequate to estimate the metabolizable energy of maize and can be used as a tool to formulate diets for swine.


Subject(s)
Animals , Energy-Generating Resources/analysis , Animal Feed/analysis , Zea mays/metabolism , Swine/classification
20.
Arq. Inst. Biol ; 80(1): 7-11, jan.-mar.2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1462217

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito dos sistemas de ordenha e de resfriamento na contagem bacteriana total (CBT) e na quantidade de leite com CBT ≤ 105, que representa leite de alta qualidade. Um total de 12.221 registros de CBT do leite foi obtido de uma indústria láctea da região Oeste do Paraná, no período de janeiro a outubro de 2006. Após as coletas, a qualidade do leite foi analisada em laboratório pelo método de citometria de fluxo. Os dados de CBT foram classificados por sistema de ordenha, tipo de resfriador e intervalos da CBT, segundo critério da Instrução Normativa 62, e submetidos à análise de independência de Qui-Quadrado. As proporçõesde CBT do leite entre tipos de resfriadores, em cada sistema de ordenha, foram comparadas utilizando-se a estatística calculada Z. Observou-se menor (p < 0,01) valor de CBT do leite de vacas submetidas à ordenha canalizada e do leite resfriado a granel. A proporção das amostras de leite avaliadas nos três níveis de CBT resfriadas por sistema de imersão não diferiu (p = 0,1549) do leite resfriado a granel, quando o leite foi obtido de rebanhos ordenhados por ordenha canalizada. A alta qualidade microbiológica do leite da região Oeste do Paraná é obtida quando os produtores utilizam em suas propriedades rurais a ordenha canalizada e o sistema de resfriamento a granel.


Total bacterial count of milk in different systems of milking and cooling. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of milking systems and cooling on total bacterial count (TBC), and the amount of milk samples with TBC ≤ 105, which represents high-quality milk. A total of 12,221 records of milk TBC were obtained from a dairy industry in the western region of Paraná State, Brazil, from January to October 2006. After the sampling was conducted, the milk quality was analyzed in the laboratory by the method of flow cytometry. The TBC data wereclassified by milking system, type of coolers and intervals of the TBC, in accordance with Normative Instruction 62, and submitted to the chi-square test for independence. The proportions of milk TBC among types of coolers at each milking system were compared using the calculated statistic Z. A lower TBC value (p < 0.01) was observed in milk obtained from cows milked using a piped system and from bulk cooled milk. The proportion of milk samples evaluated at three levels of TBC cooled by the immersion system did not differ (p = 0.1549) from bulk cooled milk when the milk was obtained from herds milked with a piped system. The best microbiological quality of milk in the western region of Paraná was achieved with a piped milking system and bulk cooling.


Subject(s)
Bacterial Load , Quality Control , Food Hygiene , Food Microbiology , Milk/microbiology
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