ABSTRACT
Avaliou-se o processo de enriquecimento protéico da palma forrageira (Opuntia ficus-indica Mill) com levedura Sacharomyces cerevisiae em cultivo semi-sólido, visando melhorar o valor nutritivo da palma para ser utilizada na alimentação de ruminantes. A levedura foi utilizada nas concentrações de 1, 2 e 3 por cento em base úmida no substrato formado pela palma forrageira, incubada em biorreatores durante 6, 12, 24 e 36 horas de fermentação. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, em arranjo de parcelas subdivididas com quatro repetições. O conteúdo de proteína bruta quando se utilizou concentração de 3 por cento de inóculo, no período de seis horas, aumentou de 4,4 por cento na forma in natura para 10,4 por cento após o processamento. Os teores protéicos na concentração de 1 por cento do inóculo foram de 6,1, 8,1, 8,1 e 9,2 por cento; na concentração de 2 por cento, 9,6, 9,7, 9,8 e 9,8 por cento e na concentração de 3 por cento, 10,4, 10,4 7,9 e 7,9 por cento, nos períodos de 6, 12, 24 e 36 horas de fermentação, respectivamente. Uma fonte alternativa para arraçoamento de ruminantes, pode ser obtida pela bioconversão da palma forrageira.
The process of protein enrichment of the forage palm (Opuntia ficus-indica Mill) using the Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast in a semi-solid culture to improve the nutritional value of forage palm for ruminants feeding was evaluated. The yeast concentrations of 1, 2 and 3 percent (wet basis) in the forage palm substrate were used. The periods of incubation were of 6, 12, 24, and 36 hours. A complete randomized experimental design in a split plot arrangement with four replicates was used. The crude protein content increased from 4.4 percent (in natura) to 10.4 percent when 3 percent of inoculums were used and the processing period was of 6 hours. The observed protein contents for 1 percent of the inoculum, used for the fermentation periods of 6, 12, 24, and 36 hours were 6.1, 8.1, 8.1, and 9.2 percent, respectively. These values were 9.6, 9.7, 9.8, and 9.8 percent for 2 percent of the inoculum, and 10.4, 10.4, 7.9, and 7.9 percent for 3 percent of the inoculum, respectively. An alternative for ruminant feeding can be obtained by bioconversion of forage palm.
Subject(s)
Animals , Animal Feed , Food, Fortified , Opuntia , Ruminants , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , YeastsABSTRACT
Necropsies in 50 cats, males and females of different ages were performed from August 2000 to December 2001. Forty five (90 percent) of them had parasites. Eleven cats (22 percent) had single infection, 34 (75.6 percent) multiple infection, and only 5 (10 percent) were free of infection. The parasitic frequencies were as follow: Platynosomum fastosum (40 percent), Ancylostoma braziliensis (38 percent), Physaloptera praeputialis (34 percent), Aelurostrongylus abstrusus (18 percent), Dipylidium caninum (14 percent), Ancylostoma caninum (14 percent), Toxocara mistax (14 percent), Toxocara canis (10 percent), Trichuris campanula (6 percent), Toxascaris leonina (4 percent), Spirometra mansonoides (4 percent), Taenia taeniaeformis (4 percent) e Trichuris vulpis (2 percent).