ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES@#Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a common abnormality of the urinary tract in children andremains a dilemma that is commonly seen by physicians. Unrecognized VUR associated with UTImay lead to long term effects on renal function and overall patient health. To date, there is no currentstudy on voiding patterns of children presenting as recurrent UTI with and without VUR. In thisstudy, the authors aim to determine if there is a difference in the voiding pattern of toilet trainedFilipino children with UTI between those with and without VUR and to see if there is associationbetween these parameters with the degree of VUR.@*MATERIALS AND METHODS@#The study employed a prospective research design. Population consisted ofpediatric patients seen in the clinic diagnosed as a case of UTI documented with positive urineculture. Voiding cystourethrogram was done to determine presence or absence of VUR. The procedurewas done by a single Urologist at a single institution. The patients were then subdivided into 2 groups,the first group consisted of patients with UTI with VUR and another group had those with UTI butwithout VUR. A subanalysis was done to determine association depending on the degree of reflux.Logistic regression analysis, chi-square test and ANOVA were used to determine if there was anystatistically significant difference between the two groups.@*RESULTS@#A total of 223 pediatric patients with ages ranging from 2 years to 17 years with mean age of9.5 years with documented urinary tract infection were noted. Among these, only 140 patientsunderwent VCUG hence included in the study. It consists of 57 male patients (40%) and 83 femalepatients (59%). Among these patients, 65 patients (46%) had vesicoureteral reflux and 75 patients(53%) had no vesicoureteral reflux. Each patient's voiding parameters such as bladder wall thickness,bladder capacity, postvoid residual, Qmax and voiding pattern were noted and compared betweengroups. A subanalysis was also done to determine any association of these parameters to the degree ofreflux.@*CONCLUSION@#In the present series, bladder capacity was the only parameter found to be statisticallydifferent between those with and those without VUR. Furthermore, this difference was only seenamong those with grades 3, 4 and 5 refluxes. Future study must be carried out to determine its clinicalsignificance. Physicians must be vigilant and must have a high index of suspicion in dealing withpatients with episodes of febrile UTI. To date, voiding cystourethrogram is still the gold standard todiagnose this disease entity.
ABSTRACT
@#<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: </strong>Zehneria japonica belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family which is one of the most important plant families. It is commonly known as "Pipinong-gubat," widely distributed in Central Luzon regions and in areas along streams and clearings at low and medium altitudes in the Philippines. This study aimed to evaluate the potential cytotoxic and angiosuppressive properties of Zehneria japonica (Thunb. ex Murray) S.K. Chen (Cucurbitaceae) leaf extracts.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>METHODOLOGY:</strong> The Z japonica semi-crude extracts were obtained by sequential extraction using hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. A modified duck egg chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay was aided by AngioQuant, a digital imaging software used to evaluate angiogenic activity. Inhibition of angiogenesis was evaluated by percent increase or decrease in mean length of blood vessels, mean size of blood vessels, and total number of blood vessel junctions. Moreover, the cytotoxic effects of the extracts were determined through MTT Assay. Osteosarcoma (U20s) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells were used as cancer representatives while human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were used as the normal cell control.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>RESULTS:</strong> Analysis with AngioQuant revealed that treatment of the duck egg CAM with Z. japonica semi-crude extracts suppressed angiogenesis with ICso values of 1,810.00 ug/mL, 192.50 ug/ml, and 147.70 ug/mL for hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol, respectively, with Celecoxib (20 ug/mL) as the positive control. For MTT assay, Z. japonica extracts exhibited strong cytotoxic effect against U2Os with an ICso values of 19.65 ug/mL, 9.89 ug/ml, and 31.04 ve/mL for the hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol extracts, and no cytotoxic effects against HepG2 with IC50 values of 770.90 ug/mL, 130.10 ug/mL and 231.60 ug/mL for the hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol extracts. Doxorubicin (0.544 ug/mL) was used as the positive control. The extracts also inhibited the growth of the normal cells, with IC50 values of 69.46 ng/mL, 42.23 ug/mL and 63.44 ug/mL for the hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol extracts. There were no mortality and toxic symptoms observed for 14 days after the administration of the crude butanolic extract of Z. japonica in six female Sprague Dawley rats.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> Z. japonica crude leaf extracts exhibited angio-suppressive activity through CAM assay. In MTT assay, the extracts exhibited strong cytotoxicity in U20s (IC50 S20 ug/mL), no cytotoxic effect in HepG2 (ICso >100 ug/mL) cells, and mild cytotoxic effect in HUVEC (IC50 40-60 ug/mL). Phytochemical screening through TLC revealed that the extracts contain alkaloids, anthrones, flavonoids, and sterols. </p>
Subject(s)
Plants , CucurbitaceaeABSTRACT
La neuroestimulación comenzó su desarrollo moderno con la publicación de Melzack y Wal, de su teoría sobre la puerta entrada en el control del dolor (1,2). en 1965 Sweet y Wepsic implantaron los primeros electrodos en los nervios periféricos como tratamiento del dolor
Subject(s)
Humans , Pain Measurement , Pain/diagnosisABSTRACT
En vbeinte casos se presentaban hemorragia intraparenquimatosa de naturaleza hipertensiva se amplió un nuevo método de tratamiento quirúrgico basado en la evacuación esterotáctica de la colección mediante un instrumento de diseño original. Debido a la edad y al estado general de los enfermos, todo el grupo mostraba un alto riesgo quirúrgico que rechazó la indicación de la cirugía convencional