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1.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 105(6): 746-751, Sept. 2010. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-560657

ABSTRACT

Cardiac damage is a frequent manifestation of Chagas disease, which is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient, the deficiency of which has been implicated in the development of cardiomyopathy. Our group has previously demonstrated that Se supplementation prevents myocardial damage during acute T. cruzi infection in mice. In this study, we analyzed the effect of Se treatment in cases of T. cruzi infection using prevention and reversion schemes. In the Se prevention scheme, mice were given Se supplements (2 ppm) starting two weeks prior to inoculation with T. cruzi(Brazil strain) and continuing until 120 days post-infection (dpi). In the Se reversion scheme, mice were treated with Se (4 ppm) for 100 days, starting at 160 dpi. Dilatation of the right ventricle was observed in the infected control group at both phases of T. cruzi infection, but it was not observed in the infected group that received Se treatment. Surviving infected mice that were submitted to the Se reversion scheme presented normal P wave values and reduced inflammation of the pericardium. These data indicate that Se treatment prevents right ventricular chamber increase and thus can be proposed as an adjuvant therapy for cardiac alterations already established by T. cruziinfection.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Chagas Disease , Dietary Supplements , Heart Ventricles/pathology , Selenium , Acute Disease , Chronic Disease , Chagas Cardiomyopathy , Chagas Disease/pathology , Dilatation, Pathologic , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Selenium
2.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 105(2): 233-238, Mar. 2010. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-544632

ABSTRACT

Chagas disease, a neglected illness, affects nearly 12-14 million people in endemic areas of Latin America. Although the occurrence of acute cases sharply has declined due to Southern Cone Initiative efforts to control vector transmission, there still remain serious challenges, including the maintenance of sustainable public policies for Chagas disease control and the urgent need for better drugs to treat chagasic patients. Since the introduction of benznidazole and nifurtimox approximately 40 years ago, many natural and synthetic compounds have been assayed against Trypanosoma cruzi, yet only a few compounds have advanced to clinical trials. This reflects, at least in part, the lack of consensus regarding appropriate in vitro and in vivo screening protocols as well as the lack of biomarkers for treating parasitaemia. The development of more effective drugs requires (i) the identification and validation of parasite targets, (ii) compounds to be screened against the targets or the whole parasite and (iii) a panel of minimum standardised procedures to advance leading compounds to clinical trials. This third aim was the topic of the workshop entitled Experimental Models in Drug Screening and Development for Chagas Disease, held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on the 25th and 26th of November 2008 by the Fiocruz Program for Research and Technological Development on Chagas Disease and Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative. During the meeting, the minimum steps, requirements and decision gates for the determination of the efficacy of novel drugs for T. cruzi control were evaluated by interdisciplinary experts and an in vitro and in vivo flowchart was designed to serve as a general and standardised protocol for screening potential drugs for the treatment of Chagas disease.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Mice , Chagas Disease/drug therapy , Parasitemia/drug therapy , Trypanocidal Agents/therapeutic use , Trypanosoma cruzi/drug effects , Acute Disease , Chronic Disease , Disease Models, Animal , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods , Trypanocidal Agents/toxicity
3.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; abr. 2004. 193 p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-398645

ABSTRACT

Na América Latina,há cerca de 18 milhões de indivíduos com doença de Chagas;muitos destes desenvolverão complicações relacionadas à cardiomiopatia chagásica crônica.O benznidazol é o único medicamento com ação tripanocida empregado clinicamente no Brasil,com eficácia comprovada em infecções recentes...Foi analisado o efeito da terapia com benznidazol sobre as principais alterações imunológicas detectadas no curso da infecção aguda experimental pelo T.cruzi.Observou-se notável diferença no que diz respeito ao perfil de resposta imune do hospedeiro tratado,com a expansão de importante percentual de esplenócitos CD8+ com fenótipo de memória/função efetora,e menor percentual de apoptose in vivo.Verificou-se que a homeostasia do timo é preservada após o tratamento.Como não é consistente a eficácia do benznidazol em fases avançadas da doença,é imperativo o desenvolvimento de novas alternativas de tratamento.Também foram estudadas terapias tripanocidas com 2inibidores da biossíntese de ergosterol:SCH 56592(posaconazol)e TAK-187...observamos um perfil similar ao encontrado em animais tratados com o benznidazol.A expansão celular observada no baço destes animais retorna a sua normalidade em estágios avançados da infecção,porém há manutenção de importante percentual da sub-população linfocitária CD8+ com fenótipo indicativo de memória/função efetora.Como a fisiopatologia da miocardiopatia chagásica envolve mecanismos auto-imunes e inflamatórios crônicos,é plausível o desenvolvimento de novas terapias embasadas em imuno-modulação...A utilização de IgIV foi então abordada com o objetivo de reverter as alterações detectadas em decorrência da infecção.Na infecção experimental aguda,o tratamento dos animais com IgIV foi benéfico promovendo aumento na sobrevida,havendo ainda prevenção do aumento da IgM auto-reativa em animais infectados,aliado a reduzidas alterações no repertório de anticorpos.Verificamos também que devido a sua ação anti-idiotípica,as Ig’s obtidas das preparações de IVIg são capazes de neutralizar o efeito muscarínico do soro de pacientes Chagásicos.Por fim,a terapia com IVIg ocasionou a reversão das alterações eletrocardiográficas observadas em decorrência da infecção crônica por T. cruzi,além de promover alterações na carga parasitária dos animais.Os resultados obtidos em modelos experimentais impulsionam a realização de um ensaio clínico para testar o efeito da terapia com IgIV em associação com o benznidazol em pacientes Chagásicos crônicos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Adjuvants, Immunologic , Chagas Disease , Immunoglobulins, Intravenous , Mice , Trypanosoma cruzi
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