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Rev. panam. salud pública ; 2(6): 398-407, dic. 1997. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-214689

ABSTRACT

Se examinó la relación de diversas variables maternas con la duración del amamantamiento exclusivo y con la duración total del amamantamiento y se estudiaron las actitudes, percepciones y creencias de las mujeres de los barrios pobres de Managua, Nicaragua, respecto a la lactancia natural. El trabajo de campo se realizó con métodos cualicuantitativos en diciembre de 1992 y enero de 1993. Se entrevistó con un cuestionario estructurado a 556 madres de niños menores de 12 meses y se reunieron cuatro grupos de discusión dirigida en los que participaron 20 madres. A la semana de edad casi todos los hijos de las madres que participaron en la encuesta habían sido amamantados, pero solo 45 por ciento habían recibido amamantamiento exclusivo. A las 12 semanas 30 por ciento ya estaban totalmente destetados. Los grupos de discusión revelaron la coexistencia de valoraciones positivas tanto del amamantamiento como de la alimentación con biberón. El amamantamiento exclusivo se consideró perjudicial para la madre, y la leche materna, insuficiente para mantener al niño. La experiencia previa guardó una relación importante con la duración del amamantamiento exclusivo y con el periodo total de amamantamiento. Las actitudes, el apoyo social y la situacion de trabajo fueron importantes factores predictivos de la duracion total del amamantamiento. En general, los resultados de las entrevistas y de los grupos de discusion fueron coherentes y muestran que para promover la lactancia natural exclusiva se necesitan apoyo social, un ambiente comunitario favorable al amamantamiento y politicas para abordar los problemas de las madres trabajadoras. Los metodos de investigacion complementarios fueron utiles para obtener informacion sobre la importancia relativa de diferentes factores relacionados con la duracion del amamantamiento y entender mas a fondo esa practica desde el punto de vista materno


This study examined the relationship of several maternal variables to the duration of exclusive breast-feeding and the total duration of breast-feeding, along with attitudes, perceptions, and beliefs about breast-feeding among women living in poor neighborhoods of Managua, Nicaragua. The field work was carried out in December 1992 and January 1993 using qualitative and quantitative methods. A structured questionnaire was administered in interviews with 556 mothers of children under 12 months of age, and meetings of four directed discussion groups were held, in which a total of 20 women participated. At one week of age, almost all the children of the mothers who were surveyed had been breast-fed, but only 45% had been exclusively breast-fed. At 12 weeks old, 30% were already completely weaned. The discussion groups revealed the coexistence of positive opinions about both breast-feeding and bottle-feeding. However, exclusive breast-feeding was considered harmful for the mother, and breast milk was not thought to be sufficient nourishment for the child. Previous experience was strongly related to the duration of exclusive breast-feeding and to total breastfeeding duration. Attitudes, social support, and work situation were important factors influencing the total length of time women breast-fed a child. In general, the results obtained through the interviews and in the discussion groups were in agreement and showed that the elements needed to promote exclusive breast-feeding were social support, a favorable community environment, and policies that dealt with problems faced by working mothers. The complementary research methods were use ful for obtaining information about the relative importance of different factors that determine the duration of breast-feeding and for understanding that practice in greater depth from the mother's point of view.


Subject(s)
Breast Feeding , Poverty Areas , Data Collection , Nicaragua
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