ABSTRACT
Background: Anemia is defined as a decrease in the hemoglobin concentration of blood, which accordingly decreases the oxygen-carrying capacity of red blood cells such that they are unable to meet the body's physiological requirements. Numerous reports have specified that anemia customarily occurs in patients with diabetes with renal insufficiency whereas limited studies have described the occurrence of anemia in people with diabetes prior to indication of renal impairment. Other studies have similarly recognized anemia as a risk factor for the need for renal replacement treatment in diabetes. Understanding the pathogenesis of anemia allied with diabetes can lead to the development of interventions to optimize results in these patients
Purpose: The purpose of this study was consequently to determine the pervasiveness of anemia among patients with type 2 diabetes
Materials and Methods: A total of 50 [25 with type 2 diabetes and 25 controls] participants were enlisted for the current study. Participants' blood samples were analyzed for fasting blood glucose, full blood count and renal function tests among others. The pervasiveness of anemia was then determined statistically
Results: A high incidence of anemia was perceived in the cases. Of the patients with diabetes, 85% had a hemoglobin concentration that was significantly less [males 10.88 +/- 1.78 and females 10.32 +/- 1.52] compared to that of controls [males 14.16 +/- 1.82 and females 12.49 +/- 1.11]. A significantly increased fasting blood glucose, urea, sodium, potassium, and calcium ions were observed in the cases [8.02 +/- 1.28, 5.21 +/- 2.01, 141.08 +/- 7.01, 4.84 +/- 0.49 and 1.51 +/- 0.28 respectively] as compared to the controls [4.57 +/- 0.52, 3.61 +/- 2.09, 134.86 +/- 6.75, 4.38 +/- 0.61 and 1.31 +/- 0.31 respectively]. Finally, a significant association between hemoglobin concentration and fasting blood glucose was also observed in the cases
Conclusions: The findings suggest that a high incidence of anemia is likely to occur in patients with poorly controlled diabetes and in patients with diabetes and renal insufficiency
ABSTRACT
Purpose: To Compare tomosynthesis to mammography, ultrasound, MRI, and histology for the detection and staging of BI-RADS 4-5 anomalies, as a function of breast composition, histology, size, and lesion location
Materials and methods: 25 patients underwent tomosynthesis, MRI, mammography, and ultrasound. The diagnostic accuracy of the different examinations was compared
Results: The sensitivities for detection were as follows: 92.7% for MRI, 80.5% for ultrasound, 75.6% for tomosynthesis, and 61% for mammography. Tomosynthesis improves the sensitivity of mammography [P= 0.0001], but not the specificity. The detection of multifocality and multicentricity was improved, but not significantly. Tomosynthesis identified more lesions than mammography in 10% of cases and improved lesion staging irrespective of the density, but was still inferior to MRI. The detection of ductal neoplasia was superior with tomosynthesis Compared to mammography [P = 0.016], but this was not the case with lobular cancer. The visualization of masses was improved with tomosynthesis [P = 0.00012], but not with microcalcifications. Tomosynthesis was capable of differentiating lesions of all sizes, but the smaller lesions were easier to see. Lesion sizes measured with tomosynthesis, excluding the spicules, concurred with histological dimensions. Spicules lead to an overestimation of the size
Conclusion: In our series, tomosynthesis found more lesions than mammography in 10% of patients, resulting in an adaption of the surgical plan