ABSTRACT
Objective: To compare the outcome of oral Nifedipine and intravenous Labetalol in severe pregnancy induced hypertension in terms of time taken to achieve the target blood pressure
Study Design: Randomized controlled trial
Place and Duration of Study: Conducted at department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Combined Military Hospital Lahore, from Jan 2014 to Jun 2014
Materials and Methods: After taking ethical approval, pregnant women at >/=28 weeks of gestation with sustained blood pressures of >/= 160/110 mmHg were included in the study. Patients were randomly assigned into two groups to receive either oral Nifedipine or intravenous Labetalol. The data was collected and analyzed on SPSS version 20
Results: In oral Nifedipine group 64 percent patients were between 18-30 years while 36 percent were between 31-35 years of age. In intravenous Labetalol group, 58 percent patients were between 18-30 years while 42 percent were between 31-35 years of age. Fifty two percent patients in oral Nifedipine group and 54 percent cases in intravenous labetalol were between 29-34 weeks of gestation while 48 percent patients in oral Nifedipine and 46 percent in intravenous labetalol group were between 35-40 weeks of gestation. Time taken to achieve the target blood pressure is 31.14 +/- 3.14 minutes in Oral Nifedipine and 51.08+4.11 minutes in Intravenous Labetalol group. A p-value was 0.011671 which was significant
Conclusion: Nifedipine is more effective in severe pregnancy induced hypertension to achieve the target blood pressure as compared to labetalol. It is more suitable in our setup as it is economical and easy to administer
ABSTRACT
Objective: To compare the mean corneal endothelial cell count in type II diabetic patients with healthy adults. Study Design: Case control
Place and Duration of Study: Out-patient Department of Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology, Rawalpindi from September 10, 2013 to March 25, 2014
Material and Methods: A hospital-based case-control study was carried out at out-patient department of Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology in which 130 eyes [65 diabetic eyes and 65 controls] were included. Non-probability consecutive sampling was adopted. Relevant detailed history including information about age, gender, duration of diabetes, any other medical illness and current medical treatment being taken by patient was recorded
Results: Data entry and analysis was done in SPSS version 10. Total 130 eyes [65 diabetic and 65 non-diabetic eyes] were included in our study according to the inclusion criteria. Mean age [years] of patient in both the groups was 59.55 +/- 8.01 and 53.85 +/- 10.07. Mean corneal endothelial cell count in both the groups was 2368.35 +/- 389.58 and 2588.64 +/- 269.84 respectively which was statistically significant [p-value=0.001] in both the groups
Conclusion: The conclusion of the study was that the mean corneal endothelial cell count in type II diabetic patients was significantly less as compared to healthy adults
ABSTRACT
Background: Rise in intraoccular pressure [IOP] may have significant effects on optic disc
Objective: To compare postmydriasis rise in intraoccular pressure with tropicamide in normal individuals and glaucoma cases with or without rapid progression
Subjects and Methods: Study design: Quasi-experimental. Sampling Technique: Non-Randomized, consecutive sampling. This study was performed on 116 eyes of 116 patients reporting at Eye Department, Combined Military Hospital [CMH], Lahore from 1[st] August 2012 to 30[th] April 2013. They were assigned to three groups based on their glaucoma profile: Group A: Normal subjects without raised IOP or glaucomatous visual field loss. Group B: Diagnosed cases of glaucoma without significant visual field defect progression. Group C: Diagnosed cases of glaucoma with significant visual field defect progression over last two years. SPSS version 16 Software was used for statistical analysis to compare intra-ocular pressure changes postmydriasis in the three groups
Results: IOP rise post-mydriasis was low [1.89 mmhg] in normal individuals whereas the spike was statistically significant in glaucoma patients [5.88 mmHg]. Diagnosed cases of glaucoma with worst prognosis has a relatively higher IOP spike [10.6 mmhg] as compared to those with slower visual field defects [5.88 mmhg] progression.[p<0.05]
Conclusion: Our study showed a significant rise in IOP in glaucoma patients with and without rapid progression as compared to normal subjects. Post-mydriasis IOP spike is a reliable diagnostic and prognostic provocative test for glaucoma suspects and diagnosed cases. However, the negative effects of raised IOP on an already compromised optic nerve head must be kept in mind
ABSTRACT
To determine the frequency of ophthalmic complications of interferon-a 2b and ribavirin combination therapy in patients of chronic hepatitis C. Quasi experimental study. Eye and Medical Department of Military Hospital Rawalpindi and Combined Military Hospital Peshawar, Pakistan from Jan 2010 to Jan 2011. A total of 93 diagnosed and consenting cases of hepatitis C were recruited who were eligible for interferon therapy. They were administered 3 million units [mu] interferon [INF]-alpha 2b, subcutaneously thrice a week along with 800 mg of ribavirin orally daily for 6 months. Ocular examination of all the patients was performed before starting interferon and then monthly afterwards till the completion of interferon therapy. Their ocular complications were observed and recorded. The study included 54 [58%] males and 39 [42%] females. Mean age of the patients was 40.59 +/- 8.68 years. Ocular complications developed in 24 [25.8%] out of 93 patients. Retinal microaneurysms were present in 5 [5.4%], cotton wool spots in 10 [10.8%], retinal haemorrhages in 8 [8.6%] and optic disc hyperaemia in 1 [1.1%] patient. These complications developed within 8-12 weeks after start of INF therapy. Interferon alpha-2b and ribavirin combination therapy is characterized by its ophthalmic complications which are usually benign and self limiting. In our study, ocular complications which include retinal microaneurysms, cotton wool spots, retinal haemorrhages and optic disc hyperaemia developed in 25.8% of patients. In two third of these cases, these complications resolved before completion of INF therapy
ABSTRACT
The objective of study to assess the success of pars plana vitrectomy with use of silicone Oil for internal tamponade in traumatic rhegmatogenous R D with severe PVR. This study was carried out in department of Ophthalmology Military Hospital Rawalpindi. Fifteen cases with severe proliferative vitreoretinopathy [PVR Grade C, according to up dated retina Society Classification of 1991] was included in study. All the patients had traumatic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with history of blunt ocular trauma, without globe rupture, outcome of the treatment was assessed by post operative anatomical and physiological success. Anatomical success was encouraging in-spite of advance disease and technically difficult and complicated intra-ocular maneuvers