Health Care Workers Safety: Screening And Immunization: A Review

@#The paper puts forth the need for health care workers safety whilst undertaking their job on a daily basis. Presently there are number of factors that are directly linked to the safety of health care workers. However, Occupational Health is very important and useful for health workers that are exposed to their job hazards. Every year, many lives are lost because of the spread of infections in hospitals. Every hospital’s occupational health departments should ensure that all new staff are vaccinated to protect them against microorganisms carried by other patients, and with vaccinated against preventable diseases. This will help to prevent the health workers from occupational exposure to patients’ blood or any other bodily substances, including injury from sharp objects, and also guarantees that the new employees does not infect the patients with infectious diseases. Furthermore, all the new staff should be screened for blood borne pathogenic diseases.

Health Care Workers Safety: Screening And Immunization: A Review

The paper puts forth the need for health care workers safety whilst undertaking their job on a daily basis. Presently there are number of factors that are directly linked to the safety of health care workers. However, Occupational Health is very important and useful for health workers that are exposed to their job hazards. Every year, many lives are lost because of the spread of infections in hospitals. Every hospital’s occupational health departments should ensure that all new staff are vaccinated to protect them against microorganisms carried by other patients, and with vaccinated against preventable diseases. This will help to prevent the health workers from occupational exposure to patients’ blood or any other bodily substances, including injury from sharp objects, and also guarantees that the new employees does not infect the patients with infectious diseases. Furthermore, all the new staff should be screened for blood borne pathogenic diseases.

Coronary artery disease and diabetes mellitus

Objectives: diabetes mellitus [DM] and coronary artery disease [CAD] are closely related. DM is a risk factor for CAD, but it is also equivalent to established CAD. The prevalence of DM and CAD is growing primarily due to the rising prevalence of obesity. The rapidly changing life style, especially in developing countries, plays major role in the occurrence of these diseases

Methods: we performed a literature review to summarize and explore the relationship between CAD and DM with a special focus on Arab countries in terms of risk factors and prevalence. We suggest future directions to prevent escalation in the incidence of DM and CAD in Arab countries

Conclusion: an important part of any preventive program for CAD should include clear prevention strategies for DM and other associated metabolic risk factors, such as obesity. Preventive measures, such as physical exercise in high-risk groups, at the population level should be encouraged

survey of hepatitis B immune status of Taibah University medical students

This study aimed to determine the immune status of Taibah University medical students against HBV, and the possible host factors related to the poor response to a previously-administered hepatitis-B vaccine. A cross-sectional study was conducted which included all 3rd year medical students of Taibah University. One hundred and five responded to a self-administered questionnaire. At the same time, a blood sample analysis was performed for hepatitis B markers [HBs Ag, HBcAb, and HBs Ab] of the participants. Of the total number of respondents, only 36.2% were aware that they received a hepatitis-B vaccine, 52.4% were not sure they received it, and 11.4% were not aware of receiving it. Of all, the hepatitis B markers showed that only 16 students [15.2%] had protective levels against the disease, while the rest showed negative markers, and only one student was immune due to past infection. Students with protective titers often had a family history for hepatitis B or a positive history of contact with a known case. The low prevalence of HBV protective levels in Taibah University medical students needs further research and mandates implementation of a screening program and vaccination for all non-immune health care students

Adipose tissue cytokines: relation to glycemic control, insulin resistance and biochemical bone markers in type 2 diabetic Saudi male patients

To assess the plasma levels and relations of adipocytokines and biochemical bone markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM] Saudi males with insulin resistance. This case-control study included 80 overweight/obese males with T2DM on oral anti-diabetic medications recruited from the diabetic center and 40 healthy lean males of matched age. Measurements included fasting plasma glucose [FBG], fasting plasma insulin, serum calcium [Ca[2 +]], HbA1c, plasma adiponectin and resistin, serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase [B-ALP], plasma osteocalcin [OC], and plasma osteoprotegerin [OPG]. Waist and hip circumferences were measured. Body mass index, waist/hip ratio [WHR], and insulin resistance [HOMA-IR] were calculated. Compared to the control group, diabetic patients showed significantly both lower adiponectin [p = 0.000] and Ca[2 +] [p = 0.000] but significantly higher resistin [p = 0.000], OC [p = 0.000], B-ALP level [p = 0.000] and OPG [p = 0.000]. After multivariate adjustment in diabetic patients, resistin predicted OC, [beta = -0.30, p = 0.005], WC and resistin predicted Ca[2+] [beta = -0.34, p = 0.035 and beta = -0.25,p = 0.033], adiponectin and resistin predicted B-ALP, [beta = -0.35, p = 0.010 and beta = 0.35, p = 0.004], and FBG, HOMA-IR and age predicted OPG, [beta = -0.66, p = 0.010, beta = 0.58, p = 0.024 and beta = 0.27, p = 0.031 respectively]. Also, FBG, WHR and HOMA-IR predicted adiponectin [beta = -0.79, p = 0.001, beta = -0.60, p = 0.001 and beta = 0.80, p = 0.001 respectively], while OC and OPG predicted HbA1c [beta = -0.32, p = 0.007 and beta = 0.28, p = 0.016 respectively]. Uncontrolled T2DM Saudi males with insulin resistance have abnormal bone markers with unfavorable levels of adipocytokines. Strong associations between bone markers, adipocytokines, insulin resistance and metabolic control may suggest interaction in multiple direction feedback loops exacerbating hyperglycemia

Nutritional and health status of medical students at a university in northwestern Saudi Arabia

To assess the nutrition and health status, nutrients intake, and physical activity among Saudi medical students. A cross-sectional survey using a questionnaire, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory assessments was conducted from January to May 2011 on 194 randomly selected Saudi medical students at Taibah University, Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The adequacy of nutrient intake was compared with the recommended daily intake [RDI] per the National Research Council. Caloric intake was derived from carbohydrates [72.1%], fats [19.4%] and proteins [8.4%]. Proteins and fats were obtained from a greater number of animal sources than of plant sources [5.3% versus 3.2% for proteins and 11.6% versus 7.8% for fats]. There were low percentages of RDI of fibers [8.5%], most vitamins especially vitamin D [14.2%], and minerals [potassium [31.3%], zinc [40.7%], magnesium [24.5%], and calcium [47%]. Overall, 34.5% of the students were overweight, and 10.3% were obese. Dyslipidemia was diagnosed in 24.7%, and 56.2% had high high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP]. There was a positive correlation between the median caloric intake and both the BMI [r=0.42, p=0.00] and hs-CRP [r=0.3, p=0.001]. Inactivity was prevalent among the students [64.4%]. This study showed deficiencies in several essential nutrients among medical students, and the prevalence of overweight status, obesity, and inactivity were relatively high. These results indicate the need to improve nutrition and promote healthy lifestyles among the medical students