Estado de ansiedad y comportamientos relacionados con la alimentación de los deportistas del departamento de Antioquia durante la medida de aislamiento obligatorio por covid-19 / State of anxiety and behaviors related to the diet of athletes in the department of Antioquia during the mandatory isolation measure due to covid-19 / Estado de ansiedade e comportamentos relacionadoscom a alimentação de atletas do departamento de Antioquia durante a medida de isolamento obrigatório devido à covid-19

Objetivo: identificar el impacto de la medida de confinamiento social, decretada por el gobierno colombiano ante el covid-19, sobre los niveles de ansiedad y los comporta­mientos alimentarios de los deportistas adscritos a selecciones Antioquia. Metodología: estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal en deportistas de altos logros deportivos de Indeportes Antioquia que fueron atendidos en el área de medicina, entre enero y agosto 2020. Se indagó sobre aspectos de ansiedad y compor­tamientos alimentarios, ocasionados durante la medida de aislamiento social derivada de la pandemia por covid-19. Resultados: la encuesta fue respondida por 150 deportistas. En hombres, la ansiedad aumenta a medida que se incrementa el grupo de edad. En las mujeres, el fenómeno es opuesto. Para la misma calificación de ansiedad alta, el porcentaje va disminuyendo con la edad. Con referencia a los comportamientos relacionados con la alimentación, analizados bajo una circunstancia tan compleja, como es la pandemia por covid-19, permitió a los profesionales del deporte y la salud direccionar recomendaciones efectivas para los deportistas que asesoran, frente al manejo de la ansiedad y el control de ciertos comportamientos negativos que pueden afectar la salud y el rendimiento deportivo. Conclusiones: los resultados con respecto a la ansiedad coinciden con estudios actua­les, en los que, en términos generales, las poblaciones evaluadas muestran niveles de ansiedad baja y esto se relaciona con una escasa tendencia a alteraciones en la conducta alimentaria en la población estudiada.

Objective: to identify the impact of the social confinement measure decreed by the Colombian government in the face of Covid-19 on anxiety levels and eating behaviors in athletes attached to different teams in the department of Antioquia. Methodology: cross-sectional descriptive observational study in athletes with high sports achievements from Indeportes Antioquia, who were treated in the medical area between January and August 2020. Aspects of anxiety and eating behaviors, caused during the social isolation measure derived of the Covid-19 pandemic were studied. Results: the survey was answered by 150 athletes. In men, anxiety increases as the age group increases. In women, the phenomenon is opposite. For the same high anxiety rating, the percentage decreases with age. With reference to behaviors related to eating, analyzed under such a complex circumstance, such as the Covid-19 pandemic, allowed sports and health professionals to direct effective recommendations for the athletes they advise, regarding anxiety management and the control of certain negative behaviors that can affect their health and their performance. Conclusions: the results regarding anxiety coincide with current studies, in which, in general terms, the assessed populations show low levels of anxiety; this is related to a low tendency to alterations in eating behavior in the studied population.

Objetivo: identificar o impacto da medida de confinamento social, decretada pelo governo colombiano diante da covid-19, nos níveis de ansiedade e comportamentos alimentares de atletas lotados nas equipes de Antioquia. Metodologia:estudo observacional descritivo transversal em atletas com altas conquistas esportivas do Indeportes Antioquia que foram atendidos na área médica, entre janeiro e agosto de 2020. Aspectos de ansiedade e comportamentos alimentares, causados durante a medida de isolamento social derivada do covid-19 pandemia. Resultados: a pesquisa foi respondida por 150 atletas. Nos homens, a ansiedade aumenta à medida que a faixa etária aumenta. Nas mulheres, o fenômeno é oposto. Para a mesma alta taxa de ansiedade, a porcentagem diminui com a idade. No que se refere aos comportamentos relacionados com a alimentação, analisados numa circunstância tão complexa, como é a pandemia de covid-19, permitiu aos profissionais do desporto e da saúde direcionar recomendações eficazes aos atletas que aconselham, no que diz respeito à gestão da ansiedade e ao controlo de determinados comportamentos negativos. que podem afetar a saúde e o desempenho esportivo.Conclusões:os resultados relativos à ansiedade coincidem com os estudos atuais, nos quais, em termos gerais, as populações avaliadas apresentam baixos níveis de ansiedade e isto está relacionado com uma baixa propensão a alterações do comportamento alimentar na população estudada.

Pioneros de un siglo de enseñanza anatómica en la ciudad de Concepción, Chile / Pioneers of a century of anatomical teaching in the city of Concepción, Chile

Revisando un siglo de historia, el desarrollo de las actividades anatómicas en la ciudad de Concepción, en el sur de Chile, no estuvieron ajenas a dificultades. El presente trabajo reunió los antecedentes históricos que relatan los inicios y desarrollo de la enseñanza de la anatomía en la naciente Universidad de Concepción. Se realizó una búsqueda que incluyó la revisión de libros históricos, revistas, archivos digitales y registros institucionales como actas y archivos fotográficos. La fundación de la Universidad, los inicios de las actividades anatómicas en 1919 y el aporte de sus principales pioneros, evidencian las dificultades de la enseñanza de esta disciplina en Chile. Desde una perspectiva histórica, conocer dentro de este siglo de enseñanza los recursos físicos utilizados para la disección cadavérica, el detalle de las metodologías pedagógicas utilizadas y los recursos anatómicos disponibles, resultan ser un aporte al conocimiento del desarrollo de la anatomía en Chile.

Reviewing a century of history, the development of anatomical activities in the city of Concepción, in the south of Chile, did not occur without difficulties. The present work gathered the historical background related with the beginnings and development of Anatomy teaching at the Universidad de Concepcion. Research was carried out including the review of historical books, magazines, digital archives and institutional records such as files or photographic archives. The foundation of the university, the beginnings of anatomical activities in 1919 and the contribution of its highlighted pioneers, show the difficulties of teaching this discipline in Chile. From a historical perspective, having knowledge during this century of teaching, the physical resources used in cadaveric dissection, the detail of teaching methodologies applied, and the anatomical resources available, contribute the anatomy´s development knowledge in Chile.

The metabolic syndrome and its cardiovascular manifestations

The metabolic syndrome is one of the most discussed topics in the past 15 years. It is a collection of risk factors that includes insulin resistance, central obesity, arterial hypertension, and atherogenic dyslipidemia. The presence of these risk factors increases the probability of developing diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, increasing coronary and cardiovascular mortality. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in the US has increased in the past years due to an increased incidence of obesity and physical inactivity. Diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome can be done with the use of established criteria by the NCEP-ATP III and the WHO. The principal treatment for this condition is to modify life styles, most importantly, diet and exercise. In many cases, this intervention alone is not sufficient to control these risk factors and a more aggressive intervention is required, including drugs directed to each risk factor independently to avoid complications due to the development of cardiovascular disease associated to the syndrome

Update on pulmonary embolism

Pulmonary embolism is a medical condition frequently overlooked in patients who present clinical symptoms that may suggest other more common cardiovascular conditions. As a result, missing such a diagnosis may unfortunately cost many lives. In this article the pathogenesis, etiologies and clinical features of this illness is reviewed. The diagnostic tools as well as the medical treatment available at hand today in the management of this condition is also discussed.

The experience with transcatheter ablation of supraventricular tachycardia in Puertorican adults

Data of the transcatheter radio frequency ablations for patients with supraventricular tachycardia conducted in Puerto Rico is presented. One group includes the first 100 patients performed from September 1994 to March 1997 at the Cardiovascular Center of Puerto Rico and the Caribbean and the Second group includes 157 ablations done in the year 2003. Ablations performed in the different types of supraventricular tachycardias is analyzed including success rates and complications. Results are compared to those reported in the 1998 NASPE registry. The results obtained demonstrated a high successful rate of procedures with minimal complications in both series of patients. One procedure related death occurred in the 2003 year group and none in the earlier group.

Acute dissection of the thoracic aorta: experience at the Puerto Rico Medical Center (1991 through 1995)

BACKGROUND: Acute dissection of the thoracic aorta has a very poor prognosis unless promptly diagnosed and treated. The clinical presentation, diagnosis and management of 16 patients was reviewed. METHODS: We identified 12 patients from the Puerto Rico Medical Center and 4 patients from the Centro Cardiovascular de Puerto Rico y del Caribe whose diagnosis was made from January 1991 to December 1995. Medical records and autopsy reports were reviewed. RESULTS: Of the 16 patients, 10 [62%] were males, 10 [62%] were 60 years old or older [range 25 to 85 years], and 15 [93%] had a past history of hypertension although only 6 [38%] were found with an initial blood pressure of 140/90 or higher. Chest pain was the initial symptom in 13 [81%]. Of these 46% [6/13] described it as oppressive, with radiation to back or neck in 38% [5/13]. In none a neurological abnormality was the initial presentation. No physical sign was present in more than 40% of patients. One patient had a diastolic murmur suggestive of aortic regurgitation but none had a pericardial rub or a neurologic deficit. The electrocardiogram showed left ventricular hypertrophy in 35% but none had changes compatible with an acute Q wave infarction. The chest radiography was compatible with dissection in all in whom it was done [8/8]. Computerized tomography of the chest was diagnostic in 6 of 8 patients [sensitivity 75%]. Aortography had a sensitivity of 80% [4/5]. Trans-thoracic echocardiogram was diagnostic in 3 of 4 patients [75% sensitivity]. Transesophageal echocardiogram had a 100% sensitivity [2/2]. In 8 patients [50%] the correct diagnosis was made by postmortem examination, all of whom died within 24 hours of Emergency Room's evaluation. Of those properly diagnosed 5 died without being surgically intervened. Only one survived surgery [1/3] Overall mortality was 93%. The most common pathological finding was Type A dissection in 14 [88%]. Cardiac tamponade was found in 9 [56%]. Hemothorax was found in 6 [38%]. Aortic valve insufficiency was reported in 20% and coronary artery involvement in 28%. CONCLUSIONS: The dismal prognosis traditionally associated with acute dissection of the thoracic aorta remains unchanged. Prompt diagnosis based on high clinical suspicion. followed by expeditious medical and surgical treatment are fundamental to change the natural course of this condition