ABSTRACT
En este manuscrito se revisan las diferentes causas que producen aumento de la cifosis torácica (dorso curvo), específicamente en niños y adolescentes. Las causas del dorso curvo que se analizan en este artículo son: Dorso curvo postural, idiopático, neuromuscular, congénito y enfermedad de Scheuermann. Se centra en los factores que producen su aparición, características de su evolución y tratamiento.
This manuscript reviews the different causes that lead to increased thoracic kyphosis, specifically in children and adolescents. The causes of increased thoracic kyphosis that will be discussed in this article are: postural, idiopathic, neuromuscular, congenital, and Scheuermann's disease. This paper focuses on the factors that produce its appearance, characteristics of its evolution, and treatment.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Kyphosis/diagnosis , Kyphosis/therapy , Physical Examination , Scheuermann Disease , Radiography , Kyphosis/classification , Kyphosis/etiologyABSTRACT
La escoliosis idiopática del adolescente (eia) es la forma de escoliosis más frecuente, afecta al 1 a 3% de los adolescentes. Su etiología aún no está totalmente definida siendo la causa genética la más probable. El objetivo principal del tratamiento es evitar la progresión de la curva y por ende prescindir del tratamiento quirúrgico. Tratamiento en curvas no severas dependerá de la madurez esquelética del paciente y de la magnitud de la curva, siendo la observación en curvas leves y el uso de corsé en las moderadas los tratamientos más aceptados.
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (ais) is the most frequent form of scoliosis, affecting 1 to 3% of adolescent. Its etiology is not yet fully defined, being the genetic factor the most important. The main objective of the treatment is to avoid the progression of the curve and therefore dispense with surgical treatment. Treatment in non-severe curves will depend of the skeletal maturity of the patient and the magnitude of the curve, being the observation in slight curves and the use of corset in the moderate ones the most accepted treatments.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Scoliosis/diagnosis , Scoliosis/therapy , Risk Factors , Disease ProgressionABSTRACT
Formalin preserved fecal samples from 6,058 and 5,863 outpatients were examined for intestinal parasites during 1995 and 1996 respectively. Prevalence rates of infections by intestinal protozoa in both years were similar. By age group (0-9, 10-19 and >20 years old). Blastocystis hominis was observed in 18.6-19.3, 37.0-31.1 and 25.3-25.4 percent in 1995-1996 respectively. Prevalence of giardia intestinalis infections decreased from 16.6-17.4 per cent in the 0-9 year-old children group to 4.1-4.5 percent in patients over 20 years. Overall percentages of infection by entamoeba histolytica varied between 4.2 and 10.9.Rates of infections by G. intestinalis, E. histolytica, and entamoeba coli observed during rainy-cold months (april-september) of the year versus dry-warmy period (october-march) were the same. On the contrary, more cases of B. hominis infection 25.8 percent versus 18.2 percent (this difference being statistically significant, p >0.001) were observed during rainy-cold months of the year
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Adolescent , Adult , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology , Protozoan Infections , Age Distribution , Blastocystis hominis/isolation & purification , Blastocystis hominis/pathogenicity , Endolimax/isolation & purification , Endolimax/pathogenicity , Entamoeba/isolation & purification , Entamoeba/pathogenicity , Feces/parasitology , Giardia lamblia/isolation & purification , Giardia lamblia/pathogenicity , OutpatientsABSTRACT
En enero de 1997, se realizó una encuesta coproparasitológica a 40 familias (171 habitantes) de la localidad rural de Chauquear, Isla Puluqui, X Región de Chile. Las frecuencias de infección por protozoos y helmintos intestinales fueron para: blastocystis hominis 38,6 po ciento; giardia intestinalis, 12,3 por ciento; entamoeba histolytica, 9,9 por ciento; entamoeba coli, 19,9 por ciento; endolimax nana, 18,1 por ciento; ascaris lumbricoides, 15,8 por ciento y trichuris trichura, 9,4 por ciento. Treinta y cinco de las 40 familias presentaron infecciones por B. hominis y en nueve de estas, tres o más integrantes del grupo familiar estaban parasitados por este organismo unicelular. Las malas condiciones de saneamiento básico ambiental así como las características geoclimáticas de esta región de Chile contribuyen a mantener una elevada frecuencia de infección por enteroparásitos