ABSTRACT
Diabetes Mellitus and HIV remain two major clinical conditions of public health importance especially in developing countries.HIV impairs normal immune response against malignant infections and destroy many organs impairing their functions including the pancrease. Ordinarily, the pancrease performs exocrine functions thus producing insulin from the beta cells of the islets of langerhan aiding in nutrient metabolism.The beta cells of islet can be destroyed by the T-lymphocytes resulting to clinical diabetes characterized by hyperglycemia Diabetes and HIV have been associated with metabolic dearrangement particularly lipodystrophy.It was in this line that we designed a study to monitor fasting insulin resistance indices and metabolic syndrome in120 subjects of age 30-55 years comprises of 50 HIV –Infected,50 Type 2 Diabetes and twenty apparently healthy subjects who served as control attending Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi(NAUTH).The blood samples collected from the subjects were used for evalution of lipid profile Tryceride(TG) ,low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein – cholesterol (HDL-C), Fasting blood sugar was measured using routine standard method while fasting insulin was done using indirect ELISA method .The insulin resistance indices were also evaluated. Data were analyzed for the statistical significance using one way ANOVA. The fasting insulin, fasting blood sugar, triglyceride and LDL-C were remarkably higher inType 2 Diabetic subjects compared to control P <0.01. Equally observed in the study was that the fasting insulin, fasting blood sugar and triglyceride were higher in HIV subjects compared to control subjects P <0.01.Though, the HDL-C was quite reduced in HIV –Infected subjects P <0.01. The finding of this study has revealed further lipid and carbohydrate distortion in both diabetic and HIV subjects which might place individuals to high risk of atherosclerosis due to reduced HDL-C if not checked.