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@#Calcium salt composite/calcite or spar is one of traditionally used therapeutic material for hard tissue repair and regeneration due to its abundant calcium content. There are several types of calcite (fluorspar or calcite fluoride, cobaltoan calcite, etc) exist in the nature and their therapeutic effects are different depending on their basic properties. For instance, calcium carbonate based calcite used to treat damaged hard tissue in the traditional medicine. Here, we would like to investigate characterizations of three different types of calcites gathered from the nature. For this purpose, collected calcium salt composites ( calcite, fluorspar, feldspar ) were examined their surface properties, morphology and size by the scanning electron microscopy. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was used to determine their elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction was carried out to characterize their crystallinity structure. Based on the calcium contents, calcium carbonate-based calcite was selected to form nano-sized calcite and study their toxicity by using mesenchymal stem cell. Throughout this study, we identified properties of three different calcites and successfully reduced size in nanoscale which helps to use in the future treatment of osteoporosis or to stimulate osteogenesis.
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Background@#<i>Iris Tenuifolia</i> and <i>Iris Lactea</i> known for its various medicinal properties are also a natural antichloristic and a kidney protective as agent.@*Goal@#To evaluate the nephrite activity of aqueous extract of <i>Iris Tenuifolia</i> and <i>Iris Lactea</i> in a rodent model of kanamycin induced nephrotoxicity. @*Materials and Methods@#In the experimental design, thirty-six Wistar rats were randomly isolated into four groups of one control and three experimental. Nephrotoxicity in rats induced by intramuscular injection of Kanamycin {250 mg/kg) daily for 5 days<sup>5</sup>. The doses of 25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 75 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg of aqueous extract of <i>Iris Lactea</i> and dose of 25 mg/kg <i>Iris Tenuifolia Pall</i> were administrated by oral gavages for 14 consecutive days in rats. At 14 days for the rest of them, serum samples were collected for renal function biochemical tests (Creatinine, Creatinine Clearance, Urea UV and GFR-Glomerulus Filtration Rate). @*Results@#All statistical analyses were conducted with SPSS version 20.0 software (IBM, Armork. NY). One-way ANOVA was used to assess statistical significance between experimental groups and control group. Mean values of creatinine, creatinine clearance, urea UV and GFR levels determined in the control and experimental groups. Kanamycin treatment caused nephrotoxicity as evidenced by marked elevation in serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, GFR and urea UV, <i>Iris Tenuifolia</i> 25 mg/kg blood serum creatinine (62.49±1.24 (38%), 56.38±1.41 (4.5% μmol/L), serum creatinine clearance (4.79±0.16 (45%), (5.80±0.36 (6%) ml/minute), serum GFR (191.6±6.58 (45%). (232±14.65 (5.9%) ml/minute), serum urea UV (8.64±0.63 (9.6%), (8.40±0.07 (20.23%), Iris Lactea 75 mg/kg blood serum creatinine 68.92±4.08(31%), 58.87±1.95 (0.4% μmol/L), serum creatinine clearance (5.27±0.67(60%), (5.67±0.28(3.6%) ml/minute), serum GFR (210.9±26.78 (60%), (226.8±11.28 (3.5%) ml/minute), serum urea UV (7.73±0.58 (19.14%), (7.48±0.35 (28.96%) respectively when compared to the control treated groups. Oral administration of <i>Iris Lactea</i> 75 mg/kg extract decreased the rise in these parameters in a dose dependent manner. @*Conclusion@#Our studies suggest that aqueous extract of <i>Iris Lactea</i> 75 mg/kg and <i>Iris tenuifolia</i> 25 mg/kg results are shown good effect for anti-inflammatory of renal.
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Introduction@#Constipation is highly prevalent, often chronic gastrointestinal disorder that affects adults. The treatment with classic drugs did not cut, in one hand with the inadequate relief of bloating and other symptoms, and with the luck of efficacy in relieving constipation. Therefore, the search for novel safe laxative drugs seems, inevitable. Rheum undulatum L. was traditionally used in constipation, thus we have attempted to evaluate the laxative effect of Rheum undulatum L.@*Purpose@#The laxative effect of Rheum undulatum L. was evaluated against loperamide induced constipated rats.@*Methodology@#Fifteen male normal rats were used in this study. Fifteen male constipated wistar albino rats weighing 180-250 g were also used for the study and randomized into three groups (n=5) in each of the experiments. Constipated control group rats oral administrated distilled water. Constipated rats (treatment groups) were treated with 4.1 mg/kg dose body weight /day of the preparation for one day and also Laxing a standard drug was used for the reference group. The fecal weight, the fecal humidity laxative activity were monitored in experimental rats.@*Results@#Constipation was successfully induced in the rats by loperamide as seen in the elevated fecal properties compared to the control rats. The Rheum undulatum L. compounds preparation administered orally produced significant laxative activity and reduced loperamide induced constipation in dose dependent manner as seen in the increase of fecal output. The same doses of the Rheum undulatum L. compounds preparation produced a significant increase (P<0.05) fecal weight, the faeces humidity. The effect of the compounds preparation compares favourably well with Laxing, a standard laxative drug. @*Conclusion@#The results of this study justify the use of Rheum undulatum L. compounds preparation as a laxative in traditional medicine. The produced significantly increase in fecal output of rats and the stimulation of gastrointestinal motility.
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Background@#Herbal medicines continue to be widely used as natural promoters of good health, as immune-modulators in recent years. This situation is directly related to the rapid growth of natural based products, the decrease of chemical synthesized products and as well as the increase of natural substance consumption. @*Objective@#The purpose of this survey was to study influence of Immunos herbal medicines on immune system in the experimental and preclinical circumstances.@*Materials and Methods@#The immune deficiency was to created by Azathioprine through 5 days in the white mice after that control group, preparation of Immunal, Salimon and Immunos 1, 2 were administrated appropriate doses by oral during 10 days. Then we collected blood and quantified number of white blood cells (K/µL), quantity of splenocyte (×106 cell/ml), amount of CD4+, CD8+ and IgM, IgA, Ig G (mg/ml) (Elisa Kit Assay: Catalog. No: WAM-568 (Elisa Reader, 450 nm)-WKEA MED SUPPLIES CORP) on the 5th, 10th days.@*Results@#All statistical analyses were conducted with SPSS version 20.0 software (IBM, Armonk, NY). One-way ANOVA was used to assess statistical significance between Immunos groups and days of observation. Mean values of white blood cells in blood, quantity of splenocyte, CD4+, CD8+ and IgM, IgG levels determined in the control and experimental groups. White blood cells level were significantly increased in the Immunos group compared with the control group by 55.6 percent (11.5±0.9 K/µL vs 5.1±0.51 K/µL, p<0.001) and number of splenocyte increased Immunos group compared with the control group by 60.6 % (352.2±23.5 ×106 cell/ml vs 138.6±23.5 ×106 cell/ml, p<0.01). Therefore, CD4+, CD8+ and IgM, IgG levels were significantly increased in the Immunos group compared with the control group by 0.71 to 8.8% (IgG: 11.47±0.42 vs 10.45±0.43 μg/ml, IgM: 11.33±0.81 vs 10.48±0.31 μg/ml, CD4+: 10.44±0635 vs 10.04±0.372 U/ml, CD8+: 9.75±1.02 vs 9.68±0.45 U/ml p<0.02).@*Conclusion@#It’s concluded that, Immunos preparation shows immune-stimulator effect in cellular immunity and humoral immunity in the case of immunosuppressant by Azathioprine.
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The genus Iris belongs to the family Iridaceae and comprises of over 300 species and fifteen species of genus Iris are found in Mongolia. Iris has long history of use in various indigenous systems of medicine as alternative aperients, stimulant, cathartic, diuretic, gall bladder diseases, liver complaints, dropsy, purification of blood, venereal infections, fever and bilious infections and for a variety of heart diseases. Rhizomes of Iris are rich source of secondary metabolites and most of these metabolites are reported to possess anticancer, antiplasmodial, anticholinesterase, enzyme inhibitor and immunomodulatory properties. Approximately more than two hundred compounds have been reported from the genus Iris, which includes flavones, isoflavones, glycocides, benzoquinones, triterpinoids, stilbene glycosides and organic acids. In this article, we reviewed the published results of phytochemical and pharmacological studies of some Iris species which are grown in Mongolia.
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AbstractIntroduction: In recent years, researchers have paid attention to the biological active products fromraw materials of animal origin. Lyophilized bovine bile and bovine liver hydrolyze and varieties ofplants have been used for increase secretion of bile in traditional systems of medicine of variouscountries. We investigated that beneficial effects of new product particularly its treatment liverdamage, improve regeneration process of damaged liver cell, effects on bile secretion, bile bilirubin,and bile cholesterol and plasma cholesterol levels. Moreover, we investigate physical, chemicalcapacity and drafted a MNS document.Goal: To complete pharmacological, technological and standardization study of Sillichol biologicalactive product.Material and MethodsSeveral biochemical methods were used for determination of chemical compounds in liverhydrolysate and lyophilized bile. The product was formed in combined powder form by dried stirringmethod and it was capsuled by NJP-1200 capsule machine. Litchfield-Wilcoxon’s method was usedto study the acute toxicity effect. The median lethal dose (LD50) value was calculated using themethod of Pearson and toxicity level of was determined according to classification of Sidorov K.K(1973). Human equivalent dose (effective dose) was calculated with according to FDA guidancefor drug-dose conversion. Acute hepatitis – Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver damage inrats (Skakun et al, 1984); Bile secretion effect was determined by method of Rozuet Jousse, 1980.All value expressed as mean S.E obtained from n number of experiments. The Student’s t-testfor unpaired observation between control and experimental samples was carried out for statisticalevaluation of a difference; p values of 0.05 or less were considered as statistically significant.ResultsTotal nitrogen, amino nitrogen, fat, ash and solution index were measured in liver hydrolysate.The results were accepted standard requirements of MNS 6484:2014. Bovine bile was dried byLabconco freezone L12 freeze drier in Drug Research Institute. The product named Sillichol wasformed combined powder form and capsuled №0 capsule. From the result of preclinical study, ourinvestigational new product is included in practically non-toxic class according to toxicity classificationby Sidorov (1750 mg/kg). Sillichol biological active product was increase bile level which is producedin liver cells and decreased bile cholesterol levels by 2.3-8.0% in the test group compared with thecontrol and reference groups.Conclusion: The biological active product was improving regeneration process of liver cells,normalize cell structure, effect to the anti-inflammatory in damaged liver cells.
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IntroductionA hangover is the experience of various unpleasant physiological and psychological effects followingconsumption of alcohol beverages, which can last for more than 24 hours. Common symptoms ofhangover are headache, gastrointestinal complaints, sweating, hyper-excitability, dry mouth, anorexia,diarrhea, dizziness, fatigue and vertigo. Alcohol or ethanol gets metabolized to an intermediate product,acetaldehyde, by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), and then acetaldehyde is converted toacetate by a second enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Acetaldehyde causes toxic effects,such as high pulse, rate, sweating and vomiting. In most people, ALDH metabolizes acetaldehydequickly and effi ciently, so that this intermediate metabolite does not accumulate in high concentrations.Many treatments are described to prevent hangover, shorten its duration, and reduce the severity of itssymptoms, including innumerable folk remedies and recommendations.GoalThis study was conducted to investigate whether anti-hangover preparation has a protective effectagainst acute alcohol induced hangover in Wistar rats.Materials and MethodsMale and female Wistar line rats, weighing 180-210g were used for hangover model or ethanolmetabolism experiment. Rats were administered orally ethanol as 38% aqueous solution with feedingneedle, 1 ml/200g body weight. The anti-hangover preparation was administered 1 hour before ethanolconsumption. Blood was collected from the tail vein for the measurement of serum acetate andacetaldehyde at just before and 8, 16, 24 hour after ethanol administration.Statistical analysis: All value expressed as mean S.E obtained from n number of experiments.ResultFrom this study results summarize that the anti-hangover preparations decreased blood serum acetateand acetaldehyde levels as compared to control. Anti-hangover preparations enhanced acetaldehydeand acetate metabolism.Conclusion: These fi ndings indicate that anti-hangover preparations may exert benefi cial role inthe treatment of alcohol hangover without any toxicity. Therefore, the content of acetaldehyde wasdecreasing and increasing through repeating 8 hours within 24 hours.
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Varieties of plants and lyophilized bovine bile have been used for increase secretion of bile in traditional systems of medicine of various countries. Following many articles note on the benefi cial effects of lyophilized bovine bile particularly on the wound healing and gastric protection effects, there is paucity of reports in literature on its effects on a bile secretion, a bile bilirubin, bile cholesterol and a plasma cholesterol levels. Sillichol contains lyophilizedbovine bile, liver hydrolisate, yarrow extract and silymarin. The aim of this study was to find out the effect of bile fl ow, bile bilirubin concentration bile cholesterol level and hepatoprotective of Sillichol. Sixteen adult male wistar rats (weighing between 200-250 gr) were used in the study. They were randomly assigned into control and sillichol group comprising 4 in each group. Thereafter, they were weighed and anaesthetized with ketamine (2ml/200gr body weight) muscle leg and quickly pinned to a dissecting board. Laparotomy was performed and liver lobes were defl ected anterolaterally to expose the common bile duct. The common bile duct was cannulated with a portex cannula (0.5 mm diameter) after a semitransection was made on the bile duct. The cannuls was held in place with thread tied over it and around the bile duct.The bile was collected for 8 hours from each rat studied according to method of Rozuet Jousse. The rate of bile fl ow was noted, the volume of bilirubin, bile cholesterol levels were determined in the control and test groups. Moreover, total of 18 wistar rats (200-250 gr) were obtainedfrom laboratory house of Drug research institute and acclimated for 10 days before starting the experiment. Liver toxicity was induced by the subcutaneous injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCL4, 0.4 ml/100gr), 1:1 diluted with paraffi n oil, for four successive days of the experiment (N.P.Scakun et al, 1983). The rats were divided randomly into 3 groups comprising 6 rats in each group and fed the same diet throughout the experimental period. Mean values of bile cholesterol and bilirubinlevels, rate of bile secretion in the control and sillichol group. Bile cholesterol levels were signifi cantly decreased in the sillichol group compared with the control group (60.3±0.88 mg/dl vs 62.6±1.21mg/dl, p<0.05). Rate of bile secretion was signifi cantly increased in the experimental compared with the control group(10.21±0.25 ml/8hr vs 4.18±0.25 ml/8hr, p<0.05). Total bilirubin, conjugated and unconjugatedbilirubin concentrations in both sillichol and control groups were not signifi cantly different (p<0.01). The activities of GOT, GPT and ALP were estimated in serum samples as the liver function biomarkers using biochemical diagnostic test. The CCL4 treatment markedly affected the liverspecifi c enzymes. It was found that a signifi cant (p<0.05) increase in serum GOT, GPT and ALP activities of CCL4 treated rats. After the treats, hepatic biomarkers were elevated in the serum due to release of the enzymes from damaged liver. GOT (69.8±1.5), GPT (103.9±1.2), ALP (23.8±0.2) and Cholesterol (67.7±13.6) andtriglyceride (64.0±3.3) levels weredecreasedsignifi cantly (p<0.05) in the sillichol groupcompared with the control group. Silichol is decreasing concentration of cholesterol and bilirubin’s level in bile, constantly after administration of drug. Also, liverpreparation is increasing bile acid secretion in hepatocytes and a speed of secretion.From the results of pharmacological study concluded that involves CCL4 induced acute toxic hepatitis, liver preparation has hepatoprotective effect by protecting the liver cells from injury, improving the regeneration process and by correcting metabolic functions of the liver.
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IntroductionOur country imported drugs that are contain androgen and testosterone with high selling cost. Therefore,we have to made new body potential and strength biologically activity product which have natural, lowcost and high effective.GoalThe main purpose of study was to determine chemical composition of dried testicle powder and maincompounds of Tribulus terrestris, Astragalus mongolicus.Material and MethodsThe bovine testicle used in this research was purchased from “Makh Market” Co.Ltd in 2013. T.terrestriswas collected from Gurvansaikhan, Dundgobi province July 20, 2014 and A. mongolicus was collectedfrom Botanical garden of Medicinal Plant of Drug Research Institute in September, 2014. Testicles wereremoved from skin and other parts than cut in a mechanical cutting machine. It was freeze dried at -500Cby Labconco freezone12 freeze drier. 500 g of the finely powdered T. terrestris was extracted three timeswith 5000 ml 70% ethanol for 72 hours. All extracts were combined and evaporated by vacuum rotary till2500 ml. 50 g of the powdered A. mongolicus was extracted three times with 500 ml of distilled water for72 hours. Extract was heated until 800C for 24 hours. Extract were collected and evaporated by vacuumrotary till 200 ml. Protodioscin was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) wasachieved by using reversed-phase (RP-18) column, ultraviolet detector (UV) and water, acetonitrilegradient as mobile phase, polysaccharide was determined spectrophotometric method, protein wasanalyzed by Kjeldahl method, moisture was measured by Moisture balance 6KD-50K instrument, totalfat was analyzed by Soxhlet apparatus.ResultThe analyses of testicle powder showed 69.8% protein, 8.0% ashes, 5.42% moisture, 15.6% total fatcontent and protodioscin content 1.12% in T.terrestris extract. In A.mongolicus water extract the 7.26%polysaccharide content was found. We were determined to chemical composition of bovine testiclepowder and results were agreed with MNS 5775:2007. More over, high content of polysaccharide andprotodioscin were found T.terrestris and A.mongolicus. Therefore, those raw materials can use forpotential and strength biological activity product.
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BackgroundPreliminary clinical studies indicate that liver extract may be helpful in treating hepatic dysfunction. In addition, liver extract seems to work synergistically with interferon in treating hepatitis C and other viral infections. Laboratory studies indicate that liver extract may have some effects that could be useful in treating certain forms of cancer, such as ability to direct migration of metastasizing cells and inhibition of DNA, RNA and protein formation. More research is needed in these areas to determine liver hydrolysate’s properties.Materials and MethodsSeveral biochemical methods were used for determination of chemical compounds in liver extracts: Total protein and nitrogen content was determined by Kjeldahl method; mineral contents – atomic absorption spectrophotometer; Heme iron content – spectrophotometer; Water soluble vitamins - HPLC method. The pharmacological activities of bovine liver were tested by several pharmacological methods: Acute toxicity – LD50 /Prozorovskii 1978/; Acute hepatitis – Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver damage in rats /Skakun et al, 1984/; Biochemical parameters in blood serum – Automatic biochemical analyzer.ResultThe values obtained in determination of the biochemical analysis show that 100 g consumption of studied liver hydrolysate can provide 4.3, 2.1 and 0.3 mg vitamin B1, B3 and B9 respectively. Therefore, present data reveal that liver hydrolysate is a good source of most of the analyzed minerals. The liver hydrolysate contains 56.4% total protein and 4.33% amino nutrient.Conclusions:1. From the results of pharmacological study that involves CCl4 induced acute toxic hepatitis, liver hydrolysate has hepatoprotective effect by protecting the liver cells from injury, improving the regeneration process and by correcting metabolic functions of the liver.2. When tested, hydrolysate’s pharmacological parameters can be analyzed reliably with several liver damage experimental designs, further improvements or the use of new designs such as anemia is needed in further pharmacological study.
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BackgroundLiver protecting effect of liver hydrolysate is studied on CCl4 induced by acute toxic hepatitis on rats compared with “Raw Liver Glandular” which is similar product of “Swanson”, USA. Result was confirmed with histological study.Materials and MethodsCarbon tetrachloride-CCl4 is considered as a direct hepatotoxin which produces centri-lobular necrosis and steatosis. The mechanism of acute toxic hepatitis induced by CCl4 involves lipid peroxidation of membrane bound fatty acids which result in destructing the cell membrane and the intracellular organells of the hepatocyte.Result:As study result, after 7 days CCL4 exposure, experimental group’s serum ALAT (p<0.01), GGT (p<0.05) and ALP (p<0.05) levels decreased rapidly compared with control groups.ConclusionAlthough, liver hydrolysate is not medicine for treatment liver damage, it might be improved regeneration process in the damaged liver cells. As result, histomorphological study came to the following conclusion: in the seventh day of the model of acute toxic hepatitis of the liver in rats, cytoplasm vacuoles of hepatocytes were decreased sharply, hepatocytes became multilateral, “Kupffer cells” were increased, young hepatocytes were streamlined as columnar-cells, capillaries were became visible and was began regeneration. There were reported that bovine and pork protein hydrolysate contains essential amino acids with antioxidant effect which prevents liver cells from oxidative stress. Besides it, liver hydrolysate containing amino acids, vitamin B1, B6, folic acid and some minerals improves metabolism and regeneration process of damaged liver cells.