ABSTRACT
There is a little information about weight excess of school materials in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. The aim of this study was to study of the weight of backback and the ergonomic effects of backpack carriage on school students in Ulaanbaatar. This cross-sectional study was performed in the city of Ulaanbaatar in 2015. Two hundred fourteen school students participated in study. Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was used, asking about complaints of neck, shoulders, upper and lower back. Length and weight of the children were determined. Backpacks were weighed and the relative weight of the backpack was calculated.In this study, first and second grades students carried proportionately heavier backpacks than older students and more than 10% of their weight. Musculoskeletal complaints were reported by about 79% of school students. The (relative) weight of backpacks was not related to complaints of neck, shoulders, upper and lower back.
ABSTRACT
A child’s career aspirations are based on a number of external factors such as ethnicity, gender, age, income, family influence and socioeconomic status. These factors are interrelated and given varying degrees of importance culturally, for example, in the UK, white British parents tend to have high aspirations for their daughters whereas, in Pakistani and Bangladeshi families, daughters are expected to marry, not excel in their education or career. High school students of secondary education in terms of gender, 34432 studentsenrolled in high school who are studying in 46.47% of men and women are 53.52% of the high school, there are changes in the gender disparity. This study is conducted due to Millennium Development Goal 3 is to eliminate gender disparity in education by 2015. This study was conducted among General Education School students of Ulaanbaatar city in 2015. Three hundred twenty four school students participated in this study. The cross sectional study was conducted with 294 high school students.Thirty high school students participated in focus group interview. This study was used qualitative and quantities design.Of the respondents, 47.6% were male and 52.4% female. 79.3% of high school students have chosen a career and 20.7% of high school students have not chosen yet. We are evaluated in career choice with a focus on a gender issue. P = 0.0001 whether there are statistically significant and career choice have different in men and women gender.In this study, 20.7 percent of high school students do not choose career due to a lack of information,do not give the professional advice from the school for them. Thus, schools need to introduce if possible considering the foreign experience, lesson of career choice is reflected in the school curriculum.