ABSTRACT
Introduction: Simplified restorative materials may be a logical next step for dental manufacturers. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of a self-adhering flowable composite to four substrates used in indirect technique. Material and methods: Twenty-four samples (5 mm wide, 15 mm length and 2 mm thick / six blocks each substrate) were prepared in the dental prosthetic laboratory. The following materials were used: ceromer (SR Adoro/AD, Ivoclar Vivadent), leucite ceramic (IPS Empress Esthetic/EE, Ivoclar Vivadent), zirconia ceramic (ZirCAD/ZI, Ivoclar Vivadent); metal ceramic alloy (Fit Cast SB/ME, Talladium do Brasil). Samples of each substrate were divided into two groups (n = 3). Two flowable composites (Control/FF - Filtek Z350 XT Flow/3M ESPE, and the self-adhering/DF - Dyad Flow/Kerr) were bonded to the four substrates. Four Tygon tubings were positioned over each sample, which were filled in with the composites FF and DF, and visible light-cured for 20 s. The tubings were removed to expose the specimens (12 per group) in format of cylinders and samples were stored in distilled water at 37±2°C for one week. After this period, each sample was attached to testing machine and the specimens were submitted to the shear bond strength test at speed of 1.0 mm/min, until failure. The results were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey test (p < 0.05). Results: The means (SD) were (in MPa): AD + FF = 34.4 ± 4.9; AD + DF = 28.2 ± 4.2; EE + FF = 29.7 ± 5.8; EE + DF = 32.3 ± 6.9; ZI + FF = 23.2 ± 5.4; ZI + DF = 8.5 ± 1.5; ME + FF = 28.9 ± 4.2; ME + DF = 31.7 ± 4.5. Conclusion: The efficacy of flowable composites is material-dependent. The self-adhering composite provided lower bond strength only to zirconia ceramic. Comparing with the control group, Dyad Flow showed lower bond strength to the ceromer and zirconia ceramic.
ABSTRACT
Neste trabalho, avaliou-se o efeito de fungicidas no desenvolvimento da ferrugem asiática, causada pelo fungo Phakopsora pachyrhizi, e na produtividade da soja. Os fungicidas foram pulverizados quando as plantas estavam no estádio de desenvolvimento R4. Utilizou-se a cultivar Fepagro-RS 10 e delineamento blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições e dez tratamentos. A avaliação da severidade da doença foi feita 30 dias após a pulverização, utilizando-se uma escala de notas de 0 a 5, considerando-se a porcentagem da área foliar infectada. Os tratamentos com os fungicidas azoxystrobin, difenoconazole + propiconazole, fluquinconazole, myclobutanil, pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole, tebuconazole e trifloxistrobina + propiconazole, controlaram o patógeno em relação à testemunha, mostrando notas médias de severidade igual ou inferior a 2 e não diferiram entre si. O tratamento com difenoconazole (nota 3,05) controlou o patógeno, mas com nota inferior ao tratamento com carbendazin (nota 3,85) e à testemunha (nota 4,5). Todos os tratamentos mostraram produtividades superiores à testemunha, variando entre 14,5 por cento e 27,3 por cento. O peso de cem sementes foi superior ao da testemunha para todos os tratamentos (11,8 por cento a 14,4 por cento), com exceção do carbendazin (5,2 por cento).