Effect of melatonin and time of administration on irradiation-induced damage to rat testes

The effect of ionizing irradiation on testes and the protective effects of melatonin were investigated by immunohistochemical and electron microscopic methods. Eighty-two adult male Wistar rats were divided into 10 groups. The rats in the irradiated groups were exposed to a sublethal irradiation dose of 8 Gy, either to the total body or abdominopelvic region using a 60Co source at a focus of 80 cm away from the skin in the morning or evening together with vehicle (20% ethanol) or melatonin administered 24 h before (10 mg/kg), immediately before (20 mg/kg) and 24 h after irradiation (10 mg/kg), all ip. Caspace-3 immunoreactivity was increased in the irradiated group compared to control (P < 0.05). Melatonin-treated groups showed less apoptosis as indicated by a considerable decrease in caspace-3 immunoreactivity (P < 0.05). Electron microscopic examination showed that all spermatogenic cells, especially primary spermatocytes, displayed prominent degeneration in the groups submitted to total body and abdominopelvic irradiation. However, melatonin administration considerably inhibited these degenerative changes, especially in rats who received abdominopelvic irradiation. Total body and abdominopelvic irradiation induced identical apoptosis and testicular damage. Chronobiological assessment revealed that biologic rhythm does not alter the inductive effect of irradiation. These data indicate that melatonin protects against total body and abdominopelvic irradiation. Melatonin was more effective in the evening abdominopelvic irradiation and melatonin-treated group than in the total body irradiation and melatonin-treated group.

Morbilidad psiquiátrica y calidad de vida en pacientes con urticaria crónica idiopática / Psychiatric morbidity and quality of life in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria

Objetivos. Determinar la prevalencia de la morbilidad psiquiátrica en los pacientes con urticaria crónica idiopática (UCI); determinar la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (HRQL) en los pacientes con UCI en comparación con controles sanos. Métodos. Se seleccionaron 350 pacientes con urticaria crónica, entre el 1/01/2005 y 31/04/2005 en el Departamento de Alergia de la Universidad de Estambul, que cumplieran con los criterios de inclusión: pacientes con diagnóstico de UCI, con edad de entre 18 y 65 años, sin síntomas psicóticos ni retardo mental, con capacidad cognitiva normal y ausencia de enfermedad comórbida. Como control se eligió un grupo de individuos sanos con características demográficas comunes. Todos los participantes recibieron información sobre el estudio mediante consentimiento informado. Se realizó el diagnóstico de UCI descartando, para ello, todas las causas posibles (drogas, químicos, alimentos) mediante dietas de eliminación y con prick tests negativos. Además, se realizaron exámenes de laboratorio: hematología, enzimas hepáticas, hormonas tiroideas, anticuerpos antinucleares y test del suero autólogo. Se utilizó una escala visual analógica, además de entrevistas clínicas para medir la severidad de la enfermedad. Por otra parte, la evaluación psiquiátrica consistió en: entrevistas de forma semiestructurada en donde los participantes completaron un cuestionario de HRQL (resultado de la encuesta de salud) de 36 ítems de forma corta (SF-36) y además una entrevista clínica estructurada por el eje DSM-IV para diagnóstico de enfermedad psiquiátrica en los pacientes con UCI. Resultados. En este estudio se incluyó a 84 pacientes con UCI y 75 controles sanos. La media de edad ± desvío estándar fue 36,83 ± 10,26. El 84% de los pacientes eran mujeres; la duración media (±DE) de la enfermedad fue 6,34 ± 7,2 años y los síntomas fueron intermitentes en el 51% de los pacientes.

Micro embolic signals in patients with cerebral ischaemic events.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of micro embolic signals (MES) in patients with a cerebral ischaemia using transcranial doppler monitoring and to find out its diagnostic relevance. We prospectively performed bilateral multigated transcranial doppler monitoring from both middle cerebral arteries in 359 patients with an acute or recent (<4 weeks) cerebral ischaemic event, and in 182 control subjects without a cerebral ischaemic event. MES were analysed according to the standardised protocol. Patients with cerebral ischaemic events had a significantly higher (p<0.00001) rate of MES occurrence (31.8%) than control subjects (5.5%). MES were detected significantly higher in patients with partial or total anterior circulation infarcts (39.1%) than in those with lacunar infarcts (26.0%) or transient ischaemic attacks (27.3%). A correlation of MES and neuroimaging finding was also tried. TCD was found to have a predictive role in microemboli monitoring, predominantly in patients with large vessel territory infarction.

Perianal necrotizing fasciitis in a neonate.

A two-week-old term male infant, weighing 1,600 grams was transferred to the neonatology unit of Doküz Eylul University hospital with sharply demarcated cutaneous gangrene surrounding the perianal region. He did well at birth. In his history, on the 10th postnatal day, a red, painful, warm cutaneous lesion was observed which was thought to be secondary to repeated and inappropriate rectal temperature measurements. Besides an ill-appearing child, a nontender frank cutaneous gangrene developed within several days. Klebsiella pneumoniae was cultured from the involved area. Blood cultures were negative. A frozen section of soft tissue biopsy could not be performed because of the localization of the lesion. The patient was successfully treated by surgical debridement and high doses of parenteral antibiotics.