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1.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 60(1): 70-78, mar. 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-588617

ABSTRACT

La dieta renal debe incluir proteína de buena calidad con cantidades limitadas de fósforo P y potasio K. Los ácidos grasos n-3 (AGn-3 EPA y DHA) de los pescados proporcionan beneficios contra la progresión del daño renal. El objetivo fue evaluar el contenido de proteína PR, P, K, calcio Ca y AGn-3 en pescados procesados y moluscos como una opción para pacientes renales. Se evaluaron: atún en agua AA y aceite AC, sardina en tomate ST y chipotle SC enlatados y salmón ahumado SA; calamar CA, pulpo PU y ostión OS frescos. Se detectó diferencia significativa (p<.0.05) para K entre los diferentes tipos de pescados. SA presentó PR (38g/ 100g), P (307 mg/100g), K (371 mg/100g) y AGn-3 (106 mg/100g). Las sardinas presentaron 279-304 mg/100g de P y 283-322 mg/100g de K y los atunes 142-160 mg/100g de P y 141-154 mg/100g de K. Atunes y sardinas tuvieron altas concentraciones de AGn-3 (4114 y 4790 mg/100g, respectivamente); la relación P:AGn-3 y K: P:AGn- 3 fue baja para atunes (0.03) y sardinas (0.06); AA y AC aportaron (10.1 y 11.1 mg P/gPR); mientras que ST y SC aportaron (26.4 y 19.1 mg/P/gPR). Los AGn-3/g PR fueron similares en atunes y sardinas (302-424 mg/100g). De los moluscos analizados el CA presentó los valores de P y PR mas altos: (2.4mg/100g y 18.4g/100g). Los AGn-3 variaron de 4.3 a 79 mg/100g en pulpo y ostión, respectivamente. De los pescados procesados solamente los atunes son recomendables de incluir en la dieta de pacientes renales, de manera individualizada. De la sardina tendría que evaluarse el riesgo beneficio -por su elevada concentración de P y AGn-3 para determinadas afecciones renales, mientras que el salmón, pulpo, calamar y ostión no se recomiendan en la dieta renal.


The renal diet must include limited amounts of high quality protein, phosphorus P and potassium K. n- 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3PUFA EPA and DHA), present in fishes and mollusks, render beneficial properties against progression of renal damage. The aim of this study was to evaluate protein PR, phosphorus P, potassium K, calcium Ca and n-3PUFA in processed fishes and mollusks as an alimentary option for renal patients. Canned tuna (water AA and oil AC), sardine in tomate sauce ST and chipotle SC and smoked salmon SA, fresh jumbo flying squid CA, common octopus PU and oyster OS were evaluated. Significant difference was detected (p <.0.05) for K between different types of fish. SA contained 38g/100g PR, 307 mg/100g of P, 371 mg/100g K and 106 mg/100g n-3PUFA. Sardines contained (279-304 mg/ 100g of P and 283-322 mg/100g K and tunas 142-160 mg/100g P and 141-154 mg/100g K. Tunas and sardines had elevated concentration of n-3PUFA (4114 and 4790 mg/100g respectively), P:n- 3PUFA and K:n-3PUFA ratio was low in tunas (0.03) and sardines (0.06). AA and AC contained (10.1 and 11.1 mgP/gPR), while ST and SC provided 26.4-19.1 mg/P/gPR. n-3PUFA/gPR were similar for tunas and sardines (302-424mg/gPR). Mollusks: CA presented the highest values of P and PR (2.4mg/100g and 18.4g/100g). n-3PUFA ranged from 4.3 to 79 mg/100g in PU and OS respectively. Among processed fishes, only canned tunas are recommended for the diet of renal patients, in an individualized basis. The risk-benefit ratio of sardines in the renal diet should be evaluated, due to their high content of P and n- 3PUFA. Salmon and mollusks are not recommended for the renal diet.


Subject(s)
Kidney Diseases/diet therapy , Fish Flour Industry , Mollusca , Phosphorus , Dietary Proteins
2.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 57(1): 85-93, mar. 2007.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-475633

ABSTRACT

The objective of the present work was to characterize the n-3 fatty acid composition of eighteen species of Mexican marine fishes and to evaluate their potential as functional food. Total lipids and fatty acid (FA) compositions were obtained of the edible portion of the fish, by solvent extraction and gas chromatography. Fifty percent of the studied species proceeded of the Mexican Pacific and the remainder from the Gulf of Mexico. The total lipid content varied from 0.76 to 7.13 g/100g. Averages of 58.51, 58.74 and 132.85 mg/100g of flesh were obtained for saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated FA, respectively. In all the samples the n-3 fatty acids identified in order of abundance were (mg/100g), C22:6n-3 (DHA) (85.02), C20:5 n-3 (EPA)(16.22), C18:3 n-3 (ALA)(1.95) and the C20:3 n-3 was found only in four species (range from 0.08 to 12.99 mg/100g). Twenty-seven percent of the fishes exhibited low (4 to 40), 66% intermediate (70 to 170) and 7% high values (200 to 300 mg/100g) of n-3 FA. The latter species were identified as picuda (Sphyraena agentea) and sargo (Lagodon rhomboides). Since international standards recommend a daily regular consumption form 200 to 650 mg of EPA + DHA/day as beneficial for good health, it is therefore suggested as functional food.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Male , /analysis , Fishes , Mexico , Nutritional Requirements , Nutritive Value , Fishes/classification
3.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 39(4): 591-600, dic. 1989. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-91833

ABSTRACT

La jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) es una planta que últimamente ha despertado grand interés mundial debido a la cera líquida que de ella se obtiene. Aun cuando se ha prestado mucha atención al uso potencial de esta cera como sustituto del aceite de ballena (cachalote), poco ha sido el trabajo efectuado sobre el subproducto, de elevado contenido proteínico, que queda después de la extracción del aceite. Considerando que una de las principales preocupaciones actuales es la búsqueda de nuevas fuentes de alimentos, tanto para consumo humano como animal, es clara la necesidad de efectuar un estudio sobre este producto. Como resultados significativos de la caracterización realizada se obtuvo: proteína cruda, 14.03 y 25.25%; extracto etéreo, 48.89 y 14.73%; fibra cruda, 10.03 y 10.07%; cenizas, 1.59 y 4.72, y extracto libre de nitrógeno, 25.46 y 45.25, siendo los aminoácidos limitantes la metionina, lisina e isoleucina; el inhibidor de tripsina, 13,747 y 11,197 UIT/g, y presencia de glucósidos cianogénicos en la semilla y la pasta, respectivamente. Se puede considerar, que por su valor nutritivo, la pasta residual de jojoba es un suplemento adecuado para la alimentación animal. Sin embargo, requiere de un tratamiento previo a su consumo para eliminar los factores tóxicos


Subject(s)
Amino Acids/analysis , Diet , Fatty Acids/analysis , Plant Oils/analysis , Seeds/analysis , Trypsin Inhibitors/analysis , Food Handling , Nutritive Value
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