Queimaduras e sua prevenção em crianças / Burns and prevention in children

OBJETIVO: Mostrar as ações para evitar queimaduras em crianças nos diferentes lugares onde elas são desenvolvidas. MÉTODO: Foi realizada uma revisão narrativa da literatura sobre a prevenção de queimaduras em crianças. As buscas ocorreram no período de 1 de janeiro de 2010 a 31 de dezembro de 2019. O levantamento bibliográfico deu-se por fontes de evidência primária e secundária, tais como os bancos de dados científicos SciELO, LILACS e PubMed. Foram adotadas seis etapas para o desenvolvimento da revisão: seleção dos bancos de dados científicos, seleção da amostragem (critérios de inclusão e exclusão), coleta de dados, análise crítica dos resultados, discussão dos resultados e apresentação da revisão narrativa. RESULTADOS: A prevenção deve acontecer em casa (as crianças nunca devem ficar na cozinha, devem ficar longe de lugares onde se vai cozinhar, e de líquidos inflamáveis, produtos químicos, isqueiros), na vias públicas (não expor as crianças por muito tempo ao Sol, principalmente em praias, piscinas, rios ou outros lugares de recreação) e na escola (verificar mochilas, pastas ou sacos de crianças, não levar fósforos ou outros meios de atear fogo, deve haver nas escolas saídas de emergência e alarmes para qualquer fogo e colocação em lugares visíveis e acessíveis de informações de combate a incêndio). CONCLUSÕES: A população deve ser orientada a evitar fatores de risco de queimaduras em crianças, levando em conta os diferentes ambientes em que estas ocorrem.

OBJECTIVE: To show the actions to prevent burns in children in the different place where they are developed. METHODS: A narrative literature review of the prevention of burns in children was carried out. The literature search was carried out in the period from January 1st 2010 to December 31 2019. Bibliographic research was performed by sources of primary and secondary evidence by the databases SciELO, LILACS and PubMed. Six stages for the development of the review were adopted: selection of banks of scientific data, sample selection (establishing inclusion and exclusion criteria), data collection, critical analysis of the results, discussion of the results and presentation of the review. RESULTS: Prevention should be at home (children should never be in the kitchen, they have to be kept away from places where flammable liquids, chemicals and phosphor flasks are going to be cooked), on public roads (do not expose children by a lot of time in the sun, mainly in the baths on the beach, swimming pools, rivers or other places of recreation) and at school (check the children backpacks, folders or sacks do not carry matches or other means that can catch fire, they must exist in schools emergency exits and alarms for any fire and placement in visible and accessible means of fire fighting). CONCLUSIONS: The training of the population must be aimed to prevent risk factors of burns in children, taking into account the different environments in that this is developed.

Reconstrucción del cuero cabelludo después de una quemadura eléctrica de alto voltaje / Scalp Reconstruction after High-Voltage Electric Burn

Las quemaduras en el cuero cabelludo son raras. Cuando se producen suelen estar causadas por alta tensión eléctrica. La reconstrucción de los defectos del cuero cabelludo por quemaduras eléctricas se hace difícil, en parte por la extensión del defecto y la falta de determinados recursos. Se realizó una técnica con mínimo de secuelas. Se presenta un paciente masculino de 35 años, el cual llega al Cuerpo de Guardia de Caumatología por lesiones por quemaduras eléctricas de alto voltaje. Recibió el tratamiento médico quirúrgico correspondiente, injertos de piel, amputación del tercio distal del pie derecho y el 4to y 5to dedos del pie izquierdo. Solo quedó por resolver el defecto de tejido a nivel de cuero cabelludo. Se realizó rotación de un colgajo con lo cual se logró cubrir casi la totalidad del defecto, completando una pequeña zona con homoinjerto de piel. Se logró un resultado estético adecuado para el paciente con un nivel de satisfacción alto(AU)

Scalp burns are rare. When they occur, they are usually caused by high electrical voltage. The scalp reconstruction for defects caused by electrical burns is difficult, partly because of the defect area and the lack of certain resources. A technique was performed, with minimal sequelae. A 35-year-old male patient is presented with injuries due to high-voltage electricity burns, at the emergency room for caumatology attention. He received the corresponding surgical medical treatment, skin grafts, amputation of the distal third of the right foot and the fourth and fifth fingers of the left foot. Thus pending to solve the tissue defect at the level of the scalp. A flap rotation was performed, based on which almost the entire defect was covered, completing a small area with skin homograft. An adequate aesthetic result was achieved for the patient and with a high level of satisfaction(AU)

Caracterización clínica epidemiológica de las quemaduras del adulto mayor ingresado en el Hospital Celia Sánchez / Clinical Epidemiological Description of Burns in the Elderly Admitted to the Celia Sánchez Hospital

Introducción: las quemaduras constituyen una causa frecuente de lesión en el adulto mayor, pues es una etapa de la vida del individuo en la cual se pierde progresivamente la capacidad de adaptación y la aptitud de reaccionar adecuadamente a los cambios. Objetivo: caracterizar el comportamiento clínico epidemiológico de las quemaduras en el adulto mayor ingresado en el Hospital Provincial Clínico Quirúrgico Docente Celia Sánchez Manduley de 2009 al 2011. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal cuyo universo de estudio se conformó por 23 pacientes adultos mayores quemados, los cuales fueron atendidos de forma hospitalizada. Se evaluaron las variables: edad, sexo, modo de producción, agente etiológico, pronóstico de vida según clasificación cubana y el estado al egreso de los pacientes. Resultados: el sexo femenino con el 52,17 % y el grupo de edades de 60 a 69 años con 47,83 % predominaron en los ingresos, además fue más frecuente los accidentes con el 52,17 % principalmente el sexo masculino con 34,79 %. Los líquidos calientes o hirvientes e inflamados fueron los agentes etiológicos. Los clasificados como leves, menos graves, graves y muy graves tuvieron una supervivencia del 100 %. Conclusiones: los accidentes por líquidos calientes o inflamados constituyeron las principales causas de ingreso hospitalario por quemaduras en adultos mayores. Se logró una elevada supervivencia.

Introduction: burns are a common cause of injury in the elderly, as it is a stage of life in which the individual progressively loses resilience and ability to react adequately to changes. Objective: to describe the clinical epidemiologic behavior of burns in the elderly hospitalized at Celia Sánchez Hospital between 2009 -2011. Method: a cross-sectional study whose study universe was formed by 23 elderly burned patients, who were treated in a hospital was performed. The variables age, sex, way of production, etiologic agent, prognosis of Cuban life as classification and discharge status of patients were evaluated. Results: the female sex with the 52.17 % and the age group between 60 and 69 years with 47.83 % predominated in revenue for burns; besides the accidents was more frequent with 52.17 % mainly the male sex with 34.79 %. Hot liquids and or boiling (56.52 %) were the etiological agent. and those classified like slight, less severe, severe and very severe had a 100 % of survival. Conclusions: accidents by liquid hot or inflamed were the main causes of hospitalization for burns in older adults. High survival was achieved.