ABSTRACT
Radioiodinated meta-iodobenzylguanidine [MIBG] is one of the important radiopharmaceuticals in Nuclear Medicine. [123/131] MIBG is used for imaging of Adrenal medulla, studying heart sympathetic nerves, treatment ofpheochromacytoma and neuroblastoma. For clinical application, radioiodinated MIBG is prepared through isotopic exchange method, which includes replacement of radioactive iodine in a nucleophilic substitution reaction with cold iodine [127I]. The unlabelled MIBG hemisulfate is synthesized by the procedure described by Wieland et al. [1980]. The availability of a more practical and cost-effective procedure for MIBG preparation encouraged us to study the MIBG synthesis methods. In this study the v preparation of MIBG through different methods were evaluated and a new method, which is one step, simple and cost-effective is introduced. The method has ability to be scaled up for production of unlabelled MIBG
ABSTRACT
Unsafe and illegal abortions are the third leading cause of maternal death. It affects physical, emotional and social health of women and their families. Abortion is a multi-dimensional phenomenon with several social, legal, and religious implications. The views of policy-makers affect the approach to abortion in every society. Understanding the attitudes and knowledge of high-ranking decision makers towards abortion was the purpose of this study. A qualitative research was implemented by carrying out individual interviews with 29 out of a selection of 80 presidents of medical sciences universities, senior executive managers in the legal system, forensic medicine and decision-makers in the health system and a number of top Muslim clerics, using a semi-structured questionnaire for data gathering. Content analysis revealed the results. There were considerable unwillingness and reluctance among the interviewees to participate in the study. The majority of participants fairly knew about the prevalence of illegal abortions and their complications. There was strong agreement on abortion when health of the mother or the fetus was at risk. Abortion for reproductive health reasons was supported by a minority of the respondents. The majority of them disagreed with abortion when pregnancy was the result of a rape, temporary marriage or out of wedlock affairs. Making decision for abortion by the pregnant mother, as a matter of her right, did not gain too much approval. It seemed that physical health of the mother or the fetus was of more importance to the respondents than their mental or social health. The mother's hardship was not any indication for induced abortion in the viewpoints of the interviewed policy-makers. Strengthening family planning programs, making appropriate laws in lines with religious orders and advocacy programs targeting decision makers are determined as strategies for improving women's health rights