[Optimization of extraction method of hyoscine from Hyoscyamus niger L.]

Hyoscyamus niger L. from Solanaceae is an important pharmacological plant which contains tropane alkaloids, tropane alkaloids constitute one distinct group of secondary metabolites of the Solanaceae. Hyoscyamus species are rich source of tropane alkaloids, mainly hyoscyamine and hyoscine [scopolamine], which are widely used for their mydriatic, antispasmodic, anticholinergic, analgesic and sedative properties. Therefore determine of optimized method is necessary for extraction of hyoscine from Hyoscyamus niger L. The purpose of this research is determine of optimized conditions for extraction of hyoscine from Hyoscyamus niger L. Three factors, temperature, extraction time and mesh size of plant were studied using three level box-behnken design, the hyoscine content were measured by Gas chromatograph, Younglin Acm 6000 model. The results showed that the best conditions for extraction of hyoscine from Hyoscyamus niger L. is Ultrasonic extraction in 43 C, 130 min and 45 mesh size. It can be concluded that in order to efficient extraction of hyoscine from Hyoscyamus niger L., special conditions should be considered

[Microemulsion preparation from pumpkin seed oil [cucurbita pepo] as an oral drug carrier]

One of the modern Drug Delivery methods is the use of microemulsion for oral delivery of insoluble drugs .To use medicinal plants oil in these systems resulted in therapeutic solution for carrying lipophilic drugs. Pumpkin seed oil is one of the plant oils with high therapeutic properties especially in BPH treatment .The oil has significant absorption in the body. Microemulsion Preparation from Pumpkin Seed Oil for Oral Drug Delivery-To choose surfactants and cosurfactants based on oil components structure-To formulate the ingredients with different methods in different conditions-To study the repeatability and stability of samples-To measure particle size Short chained alcohols are not suitable cosurfactants for this research. The best result is obtained with polysorbate 80 as a surfactant and sugar as a cosurfactant. Addition of polymer has no effect on the stability of microemulsion. On the other hand, stirring has no effect in bench scale. It would be better to conduct the experiments at room temperature. Pumpkin oil O/W microemulsion contained 5-10% oil could be prepared by polysorbate 80 as a surfactant and sugar as a cosurfactant

[Study of the process of essential oil extraction from rosemary plant by using steam distillation method]

Rosemary [Rosemarinus officinialis L.] is an aromatic, medicinal and condiment plant that belongs to the family labiatae, reaching a height of 1.5 meter. Essential oil of rosemary, known as rosemary oil, is extracted by hydrodistillation method from the fresh leaves and twigs. The yield ranges from 0.5 to 1.5% [w/w]. Improving the total yields, determining minimum steam to be passed through the packed bed, evaluating influence of used multi-stage column and trend to change into important component with time of distillation are the aims of this work. In this work, essential oil was extracted from rosemary plant by steam distillation method. For the extraction of essential oil by this method rosemary was exposed to the steam flow. The processes were done and the extraction yield was calculated. Then, the components of the essential oils analyzed by GC-MASS and GC instruments. Experiments that were conducted in multi-stage columns and decreased steam flow rate proved that an increase in the number of stages has a considerable effect upon the yield. Also analyses which were done on essential oils components during 5, 15, 30, 60 and 100 minutes intervals showed different extraction phenomena for three major components of the oil; a-pinene, 1, 8- cineol and camphor. This study showed a direct correlation between increase of contact time of steam and increase of the yield. Also barrier effect of cell wall and boiling point of components affect extraction phenomena of them