ABSTRACT
Background: Pregnancy is a unique, physiologically normal event in a women’s life. Objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of the doppler velocimetry versus non stress test in relation to perinatal outcome in high risk pregnancies.Methods: This is a prospective study conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, Narayana Medical College and Hospital. 100 women with high risk pregnancy were recruited. All were examined systematically, and Doppler velocimetry and non-stress test were done.Results: All cases were divided into four groups based on NST and doppler velocimetry of umbilical artery and middle cerebral artery. 10% of women had abnormal doppler. Middle cerebral artery doppler abnormality was noted in 3% and CPR abnormality in 3% of women in the study group. 15% had abnormal NST. In Group A, out of 88 patients 9 had fetal compromise. In Group B, out of 5 patients all had fetal compromise. In Group C, out of 4 patients none had fetal compromise. In Group D, all 3 patients had fetal compromise. In Group D, all 3 had neonatal deaths. Average birth weights in Group A was 2.7 kg, in Group B was 2 kg, in Group C was 2.5 kg, in Group D was 1.4 kg. Two (2.2%) newborn in Group A, 4 (80%) newborns in Group B, 3 (100%) in Group had Apgar < 7 at 5 minutes. 4 (4.5%) babies in Group A, 5 (100%) babies in Group B, 3 (100%) babies in Group D were admitted in NICU. Umbilical artery doppler was found to have sensitivity 46.6%, specificity - 94%, PPV - 93%, NPV - 54%. Middle cerebral artery doppler was found to have sensitivity 73.3%, specificity - 90%, PPV - 91.6%, NPV- 69.3%.Conclusions: In present study, highest percentage of perinatal complications and perinatal deaths were seen in groups with abnormal tests of NST and velocimetry. Group D had the worst perinatal outcome.
ABSTRACT
Direct wet seeded-rice sown through drum seeder, a potential wise rice production system in the present-day scenario, is subject to severe weed infestation and, therefore, development of a sustainable weed management strategy is crucial for its wide spread adoption. The present study was conducted in kharif 2012 at department of agronomy division with NLR-33358 (SOMASILA) using six planting densities under five weed management conditions. The plant spacing tried were: 20cm x 7cm, 20 cm x 10.5 cm, 20 cm x 14 cm, 20 cm x 17.5 cm and 20 cm x 24.5cm and 20 cm x15cm. with a plant density of 71, 47, 35, 28, 20 and 33 hills m-2, respectively and five weed management practices viz., weedy check (W1), hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS (W2), cono weeding at 20 and 40 with modified cono weeder (W3), pre-emergence application of anilofos @ 0.375 kg a.i ha-1 followed by post-emergence application of 2, 4 D sodium salt @ 1.0 kg a.i ha-1 20-25 DAS (W4), pre-emergence application of pendimethalin @1.0 kg a.i ha-1 followed by post-emergence application of bispyribac sodium @ 20 g a.i ha-1 30 DAS ( W5). . The experiment was laid out in strip- plot design with three replications assigning weed management techniques in vertical factor and plant spacing in horizontal factor. Direct wet seeded rice field was infested with 12 and 22 weed species, kharif -2012 season having Echinochloa colona, Leptochloa chinensis, Digitaria aescendens, Cyperus iriaand Eleusine indicaas the predominant weeds. Rice spacing exerted significant influence on both weed pressure and yield performance of crop. With the increase in plant spacing weed dry matter decreased but rice yield increased. In this season, among different plant densities, the highest density of 71 hills m-2(D1) resulted in minimum weed density, weed drymatter, and more number of tillers m-2 and maximum drymatter production at all stages of plant growth. closest spacing resulted in maximum weed suppression, but among various rice plant densities, a medium level population of 47 hills m-2 (D2) significantly increased the paddy yield over all other treatments except D1 treatments with a plant density of 71 hills m-2 .The highest grain yield of 3476 kg ha-1 was observed with a plant density of 47 hills m-2 and it was significantly superior to 71, 35, 28, 20 hills m-2drum seeded and 33 hills m-2 transplant paddies. which ultimately produced the highest rice yield. Weed inflicted relative yield loss was also minimized by the closest spacing. Present findings imply rice spacing mostly determines rice-weed competition, and can play a decisive role to minimize weed pressure. Therefore, closer spacing could be considered as a vital tool in the integrated weed management program for direct wet-seeded rice sown through drum seeder.