Implementation of patient's rights charter: a report from ministry of health and medical education, Iran

At the aim of explaining the rights of health care recipients and upgrading ethical observance in the field of treatment -the most important field of health care-, the Patient's Rights Charter was declared by Ministry of Health and Medical Education to all medical universities in September 2009. This paper provides a report of strategic planning for implementation of Patient's Rights Charter and a summary of other projects

Study of the stressors associated with pregnancy

Background and Purpose: Pregnancy is a potentially stressful event which can lead to such complications as nausea, insomnia, preterm labor, preeclampsia and_so on. Due to the spectacular case of developing countries and insufficient information in this regard, the present study is conducted to determine the stressors associated with pregnancy

Methods and Materials: This study is a descriptive-analytical research. In order to develop an instrument for determining the stressors appropriate to the social and cultural status of Iranian community, a qualitative approach was adopted to do a semistructured interview with obstetricians and 30 pregnant women who varied in age, parity, education, etc. Content validity used for validation, and Cronbach alpha was calculated [0.75] for the reliability of the instrument. Relevant data were obtained in four categories including personal characteristics, fertility, stressors and social support through multistage sampling and structured interview with 165 qualified pregnant women who referred to private and governmental care centers in Mashad, Iran in 1377 [1998]. Data analysis was dined in SPSS using factor analysis and chi-square with the confidence interval of 95 percent

Results: 51 stressors associated with pregnancy were identified: [1] Health, [2] What people think of me, [3] Environmental matters, [4] Family-Personal Relationships, [5] Religious issues and [6] Financial Problems. The strongest stressor include giving birth to babies with major disease or disorder, labor pain, damage to mother's health during pregnancy or labor, change in the Planning. 16.7% experienced server stress and 13.6% mild stress. Statistically significant relationships were found to exist between stress and mother's education, satisfaction of marriage, gravidity, parity, satisfaction rate of pregnancy, social support and partner support [p<0.05]

Conclusion: Due to the importance of pregnant mother's emotional health and the relation of stress to some pregnancy complications, the results of this research helps identify vulnerable mother's and factors including stress in pregnant mother's and thus suggested consideration of the emotional aspects by giving them support and training

[Comparing the incidence and intensity of constipation in pregnant house wives and workers who refered to health centers in boujnord in 2001]

Constipation occurs in 11- 40 pregnant women and has side effects like hemorrhoid, fissure, depression and anorexia. Because of the believe in movement and hyper activity with decreasing effect, in pregnant employed women and tension of the job with increasing effect in contrast with housewives and also lack of research in this field, this research is accomplished by the objective of comparing the occurrence and intensity of constipation in pregnant housewives and employed women. This analytic, profile sectional research was done on 150 pregnant employed women and 310 pregnant housewives that each group is in three different sections, in first, second and third trisemester of pregnancy and has become constipated for at least 2 weeks and with no diseases, no medical therapy, and no suitable condition for constipation in the winter of 2000. Sampling was done by multi-stages method and data was gathered by utilizing interview form and measuring the rate of constipation by researcher for both of two groups in the health care center and gynecologist offices. Data was analyzed by using of descriptive and analytical statistics by X2 test, on way analysis of variance, log-linear and co-variance analysis by% 95 coefficients, and utilizing SPSS software Rate of occurrence in employed women was 32.6 percent and in housewives%20.9, so there was a significant difference between two groups [p= 0.009], the constipation occurrence mean in employed women group was 15.9 + 6.6 and in housewives 12.23 + 4.14 then, there were significant differences between two groups as well [p= 0.01]. Also chance of constipation occurrence in pregnant employed women was doubled in contrast with housewives [raods Ratio = 2]. Job should be considered as "risk factor" in pregnancy constipation. So researchers propose doing similar researches by provident method prospective and study of manner of job -effect on this process

Evaluation of the effect of the education module [preparing for childbirth] on the level of anxiety during pregnancy and labor in primigravida women

Women are likely to be involved in anxiety two times more than men. One of the reasons for this increase is that stressors like pregnancy and labor are specific for women. 70 percent of primigravidas and 75 percent of multigravidas experience anxiety during their pregnancy. So, this research was done with the aim of evaluating the effect of education module [Preparing for childbirth] on the level of anxiety during pregnancy and labor in primigravidas referring to the Social Security Insurance clinic in Mashad. This study was a kind of semi-experimental clinical research that was done on 110 primigavidas. The method was goal-center sampling on three occasions; beginning of research, pregnancy period and labor by using the Cattells anxiety test. After determination of primary anxiety, experimental group was educated for [preparation for childbirth] in 3 meetings for 3 weeks, and about four weeks after the determination of primary anxiety. During labor, [dilation 3-5 cm] anxiety in two groups was measured. Findings showed that education significantly decreases the anxiety during pregnancy [p < 0.0001] and labor [p<0.0001], while in the control group, the level of anxiety during pregnancy and labor as compared to the initial stage was significantly higher. There was a straight correlation between hidden anxiety and the acquired scores during education [P=0.018, r=0.28]. [Preparation for labor] education declines the anxiety of pregnant females during their pregnant period and as soon as the education is stopped, its effect gradually decreases and anxiety again increases. The researcher therefore proposes that for reduction of anxiety in pregnant females, continuous education should be imparted to pregnant women