effect of the feed deprivation periods on total immunuglobolins production and lymphocytes percentage in pullets and cockerels of broiler breeder

The aim of the present study was to compare different periods of feed deprivation [day number of starvation in four physical feed restriction programs] on total immunuglobulins and lymphocytes percentage in pullets and cockerels of broiler breeder. A 4X2 factorial experiment based on a completely random design. 160 pullets and 160 cockerels of broiler breeder. Feed intake content weekly was the same for all feed restriction programs and daily feed content according to feed restriction program. During 3 to 20 weeks, chicks were treated with feed restriction programs including daily [without starvation], five days a week, six days a week and skip-a-day. Total immunuglobolins content was determined in the 16

h week and 21

t week and lymphocytes percentage was determined in the end of the breeder period. Analysis of variance and mean comparison was conducted. The period of feed deprivation in week had no significant effect on lymphocytes percentage. In the 16

h week, total immunuglobulins content significantly increased in birds with the highest period of feed deprivation in week [skip-a-day program], in comparison with other treatments. Results of the experiments showed that feed restriction can enhance total immunuglobulins in birds but there is not an evident trend in relation with the feed deprivation period in the feed restriction programs and total immunuglobulins

[Comparing the sacral ratio in children with various degrees of vesicoureteral reflux with children without reflux]

Children with reflux who fail prophylaxis management or reflux which do not resolve spontanously are candidates for sugery. Delay in surgery increases the development of new renal scars. Finding a modal factor for prediction of reflux resolution likelihood can decrease complications of treatments. Regarding that sacral bone anomalies have a direct influence on the final function of urinary and bowel systems, this study is done to investigate the relationship between sacral ratio and reflux. This is a case-control study. The case group included 76 children under 9 years old refered to Vali-e-Asr and Amir kabir hospitals clinics with urinary tract infection and according to VCUG results, children with III, IV and V grade VUR entered the study. The control group included 76 children with previous urinary tract infection and normal VCUG. Sacral ratio in the two groups was measured and was compared by student T, Chi2 and Mann Whitney tests. The case group included 24 males and 52 females with average age of 2.7 years old and the control group included 23 males and 53 females with the average age of 3 years. The percent of sacral ratio abnormality were 40% and 23.7% in the case and control groups respectively, which was significantly different [p=0.001]. The difference between the mean sacral ratio in case group with the value of 80% and the control group with the value of 84% was not different. The ratio distribution pattern in the two groups was not different. The percent of sacral ratio abnormality in children with vesicoureteral reflux were more than children without reflux

[ effectiveness of Hydrochlorothiazide on preventing recurrent urinary tract infection in idiopathic hypercalciuric children]

Idiopathic hypercalciuria [IH] has been recognized as a common disorder in childhood and is an important and common factor in formation of renal stones. Recurrent urinary tract infection is a clinical presentation of hypercalciuria. Regarding that Hydrochlorothiazide is effective in hypercalciuria treatment, therefore in this study we assessed the efficacy of Hydrochlorothiazide in preventing recurrent UTI in hypercalciuric girl patients. This research was a single blind randomized clinical trial. 100, 1 to 12 years old girls, who were followed by pediatric nephrology outpatient clinic in Vali-Asr and Amir Kabir hospitals, with the diagnosis of idiopathic hypercalciuria and at least two urinary tract infections in year, were included in study. Patients were randomly divided into two equal group. First group received a general preventive treatment consisted of a liberal fluid, urination every 2 hours, reducing dietary salt intake, washing genitalia from front to back, wearing cotton loose underwear and complete urination. In second group, in addition to the general treatment, Hydrochlorothiazide was used with initial dose of 1mg/kg/day in a morning dosage. Then, urinary tract infection recurrence in two groups was assessed by student T test. All patients who received Hydrochlorothiazide were normocalciuric. In each group, incidence of UTI non recurrence was 34% [17 cases], that was not significantly different. This study rejected the presence of hypercalciuria treatment effect in preventing recurrent urinary infection. Therefore, the association between UTI and IH needs to be closely studied with the attention to eliminate confounding factors