Plasma levels of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglyceride, Apo A-1, and Apo B in patients with Stroke in Ogbomoso, Southwestern Nigeria

Hyperlipidemia is a strong factor in the development of stroke, but this may differ from one region to anotherdue to geographic, ethnic, and sociocultural practices. This is designed to determine plasma levels of totalcholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, triglyceride,Apoprotein A-1, and Apoprotein B in Nigerian patients with stroke. 50 newly diagnosed stroke patients wereconsecutively recruited into the study. 50 apparently healthy, age- and sex-matched volunteers were recruited fromOgbomoso community as controls. The data obtained were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the SocialSciences (SPSS) version 20. Higher and lower significant levels (P < 0.001), respectively, were observed in theplasma total cholesterol (4.5 ± 1.41 vs. 3.90 ± 0.91 mmol/l), LDL-cholesterol (3.32 ± 1.41 vs. 2.19 ± 0.82 mmol/l),HDL-cholesterol (0.76 ± 0.32 vs. 1.27 ± 0.38 mmol/l), and Apo A1 (0.87 ± 0.73 vs. 4.56 ± 2.40) in stroke patientswhen compared with controls. There was a lower significant difference in plasma level of Apo A1 in patients withischemic stroke (0.734 ± 0.64 vs. 1.31 ± 0.84) when compared with hemorrhagic stroke (P < 0.005). The meanplasma level of Apo B (1.70 ± 1.05 vs. 1.09 ± 0.40) in ischemic stroke was higher than patients with hemorrhagicstroke, though difference was not statistically significant (P ≥ 0.005). We concluded that apoproteins remain thesignificant biochemical markers that may be deranged in patients with stroke. There are associations between ApoA1 and Apo B. It is encouraged that plasma apoproteins estimation should be added to routine investigations doneon stroke patients in this environment.

Relationship between plasma antioxidant status and leptin in controlled and non-controlled type 2 diabetic non-obese women

It is an established fact that diabetes in-duces oxidative stress; obesity is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM] and increased leptin levels. Insulin has been suggested to be a regulator of in vivo leptin secretion, while hyperinsulinaemia is a feature of T2DM. Our study aimed at determining the relationship between plasma antioxidant status and leptin in controlled and non-controlled T2DM non obese women. Sixty-five non-obese [BMI <26kg/m2] women with T2DM, 34 controlled [HbA1c <6%] and 31 non-controlled [HbA1c >8%], between the ages of 25-55 years were recruited for the study. Plasma levels of leptin, alpha-tocopherol, retinol, total antioxidant status [TAS], lipid peroxidation [Malondialdehyde [MDA]], fasting plasma glucose [FPG], glycosylated haemoglobin [HbA1c%], total cholesterol [TC], HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride [TG] were determined for all enrollees. Mean +/- SD plasma alpha-tocopherol and TAS for non-controlled T2DM subjects were significantly reduced compared to the controlled [p<0.01]. However, the mean +/- SD plasma leptin and MDA for the non-controlled T2DM subjects were significantly increased compared to the controlled group [p<0.01]. The analysis for association between leptin and TAS shows an inverse correlation for the controlled [r-0.23, p<0.05] and for the non-controlled [r-0.51, p<0.01] T2DM group. Likewise, there was an inverse correlation between leptin and alpha-tocopherol for the controlled [r-0.25, p<0.05] and for the non-controlled [r-0.49, p<0.01] T2DM groups. However, a direct correlation between leptin and MDA was found for the controlled [r=0.21, p<0.05] and for the non-controlled [r=0.47, p<0.01] T2DM subjects. Our findings suggest that oxidative stress and leptin are associated with risk of T2DM and could be a target for insulin sensitization to prevent diabetes and its complications

Assessment of serum lipids in nigerians with type 2 diabetes mellitus complications

To assess the serum lipids and lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with complicated type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [DM]: Hypertensive diabetics and diabetic nephropathy. This is a cross-sectional study. A total of 52 type 2 DM patients and 20 healthy controls were studied. The patients' population consisted of 23 normotensive diabetics, 16 hypertensive diabetics and 13 patients with diabetic nephropathy. The serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides were assayed in patients and controls, using standardized assay methods. The mean serum total cholesterol was higher in patients than controls. The normotensive diabetic patients had the lowest total cholesterol among the patients' groups 4.01 +/- 0.82 mmol/L compared to the hypertensive diabetics 6.01 +/- 0.93 mmol/L and the diabetic nephropathy patients 6.90 +/- 1.20 mmol/L, [P<0.0001]. The prevalence of dyslipidaemia in the patients was between 25%-69%, lowest in the normotensive diabetics and highest in the diabetic nephropathy patients. We hope that these findings will draw specific attention to the management of dyslipidaemia in patients with complicated type 2 DM especially diabetic nephropathy and hypertensive diabetics