ABSTRACT
Introduction: Seizure has been recognized since antiquity and probably as old as man himself. Seizures are common disordersfound all over the world and are encountered frequently during medical practice in variety of settings.Materials and Methods: Patients presenting with a history of seizures were included in the study. Patient and eyewitness wereinterviewed regarding history, and clinical examination was done as mentioned in pro forma.Conclusion: Seizure being a medical emergency, its etiological determination is quite important in expediting the managementand helping in the prevention of seizures. Etiological spectrums of seizures vary from region to region which includesneuroinfection, CVA, tumor, metabolic, poisoning, and alcohol withdrawal.
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: Magnesium deficiency is proposed as a factor in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications.Hypomagnesemia can be both a cause and a consequence of diabetic complications. The aim of our study was to know therelationship between magnesium levels and diabetes, association with level of control of diabetes, and magnesium levels inrelation to complications of diabetes.Method: This study was undertaken at MGM Hospital, Warangal from August 2014 to October 2015. Atotal of 75 cases of type 2diabetes mellitus were taken for the study after satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Furthermore, 35 non-diabeticpatients admitted during this period were also included in the study under the control group. All the patients were evaluated indetail, and serum magnesium levels were estimated using calmagite method.Results: The serum magnesium levels among cases and controls were 1.88 ± 0.28 mg/dl and 2.1 ± 0.29 mg/dl, respectively. Themean serum magnesium levels in patients with controlled diabetes were 2.04 mg/dl and 1.73 mg/dl in patients with uncontrolleddiabetes. Significant association was found between hypomagnesemia and diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy. There was nosignificant association between magnesium levels and diabetic neuropathy, ischemic heart disease, and peripheral vascular disease.Conclusion: There was a significant reduction in serum magnesium levels in diabetics compared to the controls. There was asignificant correlation between magnesium levels and level of control of diabetes. Uncontrolled diabetics had a low of seriummagnesum. Low magnesium levels were mainly associated with diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy. Duration of diabetesand high levels of fasting blood sugar also had an association with low magnesium levels.