ABSTRACT
Abstract Background Children and adolescents with congenital heart disease may be more likely to develop atherogenic cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. Therefore, the early identification of risk factors and intervention in childhood may be crucial for a good quality of life and longevity. Objectives To describe the distribution of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c) levels and its association with socioeconomic, clinical and cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents with congenital heart disease. Methods Cross-sectional study with children and adolescents aged between 5 and 18 years, with congenital heart disease. Socioeconomic, clinical and cardiovascular risk factors were evaluated. HDL-c concentrations were evaluated by the direct method and categorized as desirable (>45 mg/dL), borderline (40-45 mg/dL) and low (<40 mg/dL). We also assessed the "undesirable" levels, consisting of the sum of "borderline" and "low" values for comparative purposes. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the factor associated with undesirable HDL-c levels. A p<0.05 value was adopted as statistically significant. Results Mean HDL-c was 51.2 mg/dL (SD 12.6), with a prevalence of 33.2% of undesirable HDL-c. In the multivariate analysis, C-reactive protein levels ≥ 3mg/dL (OR 3.26; 95% CI 1.32-8.04), age ≥ 10 years old (OR: 2.11; 95% CI 1.12-3.99) and undesirable levels of triglycerides (OR 2.21; 95% CI 1.13-4.75) were associated with undesirable HDL-c. Conclusion In this sample of children and adolescents with congenital heart disease, almost one third presented low or borderline HDL-c levels. Age ≥10 years, C-reactive protein and triglycerides were associated with undesirable HDL-c levels. These factors should be considered in the prevention of cerebrovascular diseases in adulthood in this population.
ABSTRACT
Deformidades maxilofaciais estão comumente associadas à região do mento, comprometendo o perfil harmônico e simétrico da face e interferindo diretamente na vida social do indivíduo. O cirurgião bucomaxilofacial tem o terço inferior da face como uma das áreas que pode ser cirurgicamente modificada para proporcionar um melhor balanço estético, podendo o perfil do paciente ser significantemente alterado por meio da cirurgia do mento. A mentoplastia, como um procedimento complementar às osteotomias maxilares e/ou mandibulares, pode ser definida como a alteração da forma e do tamanho da sínfise mandibular, visando à correção de deformidades estético-funcionais por meio de procedimentos cirúrgicos. Este artigo apresenta os parâmetros clínicos e cefalométricos para o diagnóstico e planejamento da cirurgia do mento, discutindo indicações, vantagens e desvantagens das técnicas mais comumente empregadas.
Maxillofacial deformities are commonly associated with the region of the chin, undermining the harmonious and symmetrical profile of the face and directly impairing the individual's social life. The maxillofacial surgeon has the lower third of the face as one of the areas that can be surgically modified to provide an improved aesthetic balance, enabling the patient's profile to be significantly altered through surgery of the chin. Mentoplasty, as a procedure complementary to maxillary and/or mandibular osteotomies, may be defined as the alteration of the shape and size of the chin, with the aim of correcting esthetic and functional deformities by means of surgical procedures. This article presents the clinical and cephalometric parameters for the diagnosis and planning of surgery of the chin, discussing indications, advantages and disadvantages of the techniques most commonly employed.
ABSTRACT
A partir dos anos 90, alguns estudos têm demonstrado que a doença periodontal em gestantes pode ser um dos fators de risco para a prematuridade/baixo peso ao nascimento. as evidências desta possível associação, entretanto, ainda são controvertidas. Esta revisão tem como objetivo discutir os achados mais recentes de estudos que abordam este tema.