ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to analyse the technical-tactical performance profile of blocking and court defence actions for various age groups and categories of competition in men's volleyball. The sample comprised 16,454 blocks and 8,321 digs performed in 299 sets in several categories of competition (from U-14 to Olympic Games). A descriptive and correlational inter- and intra-group observational design was used. The variables studied were: category of competition, opponent's spike tempo, and block and dig performance. The results showed a significant increase in the percentage of blocks and digs derived from fast attacks and a significant improvement in performance of these actions to counteract slow attacks. Thus, improving in blocking and digging performance was observed at higher categories when the attack is performed slowly. This paper discusses various reasons for the evolution in defensive performance and the effects on the training process for various categories of competition in volleyball
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Athletic Performance , VolleyballABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to design and to test the validity and reliability of an instrument to evaluate coaches' knowledge about the female athlete triad syndrome and their confidence in this knowledge. The instrument collects information regarding: knowledge of the syndrome, components, prevention and intervention; confidence of the coaches in their answers; and coach's characteristics (gender, degree held, years of experience in coaching females, continuing education participation specific to the syndrome and its components, and sport coached). The process of designing the questionnaire and testing the validity and reliability of it was done in four phases: a) design and development of the instrument, b) content validity, c) instrument reliability, and d) concurrent validity. The results show that the instrument is suitable for measuring coaches' female athlete triad knowledge. The instrument can contribute to assessing the coaches' knowledge level in relation to this topic.
O objetivo do estudo foi desenhar e testar a validação e fiabilidade do instrumento para avaliar o conhecimento que os treinadores possuem acerca da tríade da mulher atleta. O instrumento de coleta de informações sobre: conhecimento da tríade, componentes, prevenção e intervenção; confiança dos treinadores em suas respostas; características dos treinadores (gênero, formação acadêmica, anos de experiência em treino com atletas femininas, participação em formações específicas na tríade e componentes da tríade e treino desportivo). O desenho e o teste de validação e fiabilidade do questionário foram realizados em quatro fases: a) desenho e desenvolvimento do instrumento; b) validação do conteúdo; c) fiabilidade do instrumento e; d) validade concorrente. Os resultados mostraram que o instrumento é adequado para mensurar o conhecimento dos treinadores sobre a tríade da mulher atleta. O instrumento pode contribuir para a avaliação do nível de conhecimento dos treinadores relativamente ao tema.
El objetivo del este estudio fue diseñar y comprobar la validez y fiabilidad de un instrumento para evaluar el conocimiento sobre el síndrome de la triada atlética femenina y la confianza de su conocimiento que los entrenadores tienen. El instrumento recoge información sobre: conocimiento sobre el síndrome, componentes, prevención e intervención; confianza de los entrenadores en sus respuestas, y las características de los entrenadores (género, formación, años de experiencia entrenando mujeres, participación en programas de formación sobre la triada y sus componentes, y deporte que entrenan). El diseño y comprobación de la validez y fiabilidad del cuestionario se realizó en cuatro fases: a) diseño y desarrollo del instrumento, b) validación de contenidos; c) fiabilidad del instrumento; y d) validez concurrente. Los resultados muestran que el instrumento es adecuado para valorar el conocimiento de los entrenadores sobre el síndrome de la triada atlética femenina. El instrumento puede contribuir a valorar el conocimiento de los entrenadores con respecto a este tema.