ABSTRACT
Background: The presence of raised serum TSH with serum free T4 and T3 within the reference range falls in subclinical hypothyroidism. It is a well-known fact that exercise affects the activity of thyroid glands and the production of their hormones. Author studied the effect of regular exercise in patients of newly diagnosed subclinical hypothyroidism. Pre and post-exercise thyroid function tests were evaluated to decide about the necessity to start thyroid replacement therapy or to adopt wait and watch policy.Methods: Study enrolled 100 newly diagnosed subclinical hypothyroidism patients attending this tertiary care hospital and randomised them in two groups, one group was subjected to regular physical exercise of 45-60 minutes daily along with supervised treadmill exercise stage 0 for 45-60 minutes once weekly followed by re-evaluation of thyroid function test after 30 days and second group was re-evaluated for thyroid function test without exercise after 30 days.Results: Thyroid profile parameters were compared and analysed by paired ‘t’ test, statistically significant increase in serum T3 (p value <0.05) and serum T4 (p value <0.05), along with significant reduction in TSH level (p value <0.05) were found in exercise group, while in non-exercise group changes in thyroid profile parameters were statistically not significant. There was significant reduction in mean weight in exercise group (p value <0.05), while in non-exercise group changes in weight were not significant.Conclusions: Present study concluded that regular physical exercise can improve thyroid function in patients of newly diagnosed subclinical hypothyroidism and convert them to euthyroid state.
ABSTRACT
Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug shows low bioavailability due to extensive first pass metabolism and results in numerous side effects due to non targeted delivery. The present study was aimed to prepare and characterize olanzapine loaded chitosan nanoparticles for nose to brain targeting. The olanzapine loaded chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation of chitosan with tripolyphosphate anions. The formulated nanoparticles showed mean particle size, polydispersity index and zeta potential to be 183.1±8.42 nm, 0.122±0.08, +52.1±2.4 mV respectively. The entrapment efficiency and drug loading was found to be 72.42 ±3.65% and 26 .04± 2.12. In vitro drug release was showed a biphasic release pattern with initial burst release followed by sustained release of formulated nanoparticles. In vitro toxicity studies were carried out on RPMI 2650 human nasal epithelial cell line by MTT assay. The obtained result shows lower toxicity (high IC50 value) of nanoformulation as compared to free drug. Ex vivo histopathological studies were carried out by using excised goat nasal mucosa and the microscopic structure of nasal mucosa shows no significant harmful effects of formulated nanoparticles. These results illustrate that olanzapine loaded chitosan nanoparticles is a potential new delivery system for treatment of depressant when transported via olfactory nasal pathway to the brain.
ABSTRACT
Bronchoalveolar lavage using flexible fibreoptic bronchoscope was carried out in 50 patients 1-2 1/2 yr after exposure to the 'toxic gas' at Bhopal. Thirty six patients in the analysis were categorised into 3 groups (viz., mild, moderate and severe), depending upon the severity of exposure. There was an increase in cellularity in the lower respiratory tract (alveolitis) of the severely exposed patients (in both smokers and non-smokers), compared to normals (P less than 0.05). The increase in cellularity in severely exposed non-smokers was due to abnormal accumulation of macrophages (P less than 0.01), and in severely exposed smokers, to macrophages (P less than 0.01) and neutrophils (P less than 0.05). Mild and moderately exposed patients did not show significant change in cellularity in lower respiratory tract, compared to normal individuals (P greater than 0.2). There was a trend towards increasing cellularity, as the severity increased (P less than 0.0001) and higher numbers of total cells were seen in severely exposed smokers, suggesting that smoking is a risk factor. It appears, therefore, that subjects severely exposed to the toxic gas at Bhopal may have a subclinical alveolitis characterised by accumulation and possibly activation of macrophages in the lower respiratory tract. Smokers, who were exposed to the gas had in addition, accumulation of neutrophils.