ABSTRACT
Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and Ischemic strokes (ISCHS) can occurs along with many metabolic abnormalities in acute stage. Electrolyte disturbances can occurs in acute stage of strokes due to many causes. The aim of the present study is to observe the clinical profiles, electrolytes status in acute stage of strokes and their outcome.Methods: One hundred stroke patients diagnosed clinically and confirmed by CT or MRI within 24 hours of onset were consecutively selected for the study after fulfillment of inclusion criteria in the indoor department of medicine, VSSIMSAR, Burla, Odisha (India), from Nov 2015 to Nov 2017. Baseline Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), serum electrolytes were estimated along with other biochemical tests as needed. Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) was determined after 5th day of strokes. Data were collected and analyzed. Results: Hyponatraemia present in 13 (36.11%) of ICH and 6 (2.38%) ISCHS. Hypokalaemia was present in 7 (9.44%) of ICH and 11(17.19%) ISCHS. Hypocalcaemia was present in 3 (8.33%) of ICH and 18(28.12%) ISCHS. (P 0.0001). Hypomagnesaemia in 2(5.56%) ICH and 21 (32.81%) ISCHS. (P 0.0001). Minor GCS in 38 (62.29%), moderate 15 (24.59%) and severe 8(13.12%) patients with dyselectrolytemia versus 31 (79.48%), 5 (12.82%) and 3 (7.7%) with normal electrolytes respectively. GOS was good in 30 (49.18%), poor 18 (29.51%) and GOS 1 (Deaths) 13 (21.31%) versus 32(82.05%), 5(12.82%) and 1(1.3%) in patients with normal electrolytes status. (P 0.03).Conclusions: E Hyponatraemia and hypoklaemia was very often present in ICH and hypocalcaemia and hypomagnesaemia in ISCHS, Higher rates of morbidity and mortalities was associated with dyselectrolytemia.
ABSTRACT
A statistical analysis of strong and weak hydrogen bonds in the minor groove of DNA was carried out for a set of 70 drug-DNA complexes. The terms 'strong' and 'weak' pertain to the inherent strengths and weakness of the donor and acceptor fragments rather than to any energy considerations. The dataset was extracted from the protein data bank (PDB). The analysis was performed with an in-house software, hydrogen bond analysis tool (HBAT). In addition to strong hydrogen bonds such as O-H...O and N-H...O, the ubiquitous presence of weak hydrogen bonds such as C-H...O is implicated in molecular recognition. On an average, there are 1.4 weak hydrogen bonds for every strong hydrogen bond. For both categories of interaction, the N3 of purine and the O2 of pyrimidine are favoured acceptors. Donor multifurcation is common with the donors generally present in the drug molecules, and shared by hydrogen bond acceptors in the minor groove. Bifurcation and trifurcation are most commonly observed. The metrics for strong hydrogen bonds are consistent with established trends. The geometries are variable for weak hydrogen bonds. A database of recognition geometries for 26 literature amidinium-based inhibitors of Human African Trypanosomes (HAT) was generated with a docking study using seven inhibitors which occur in published crystal structures included in the list of 70 complexes mentioned above, and 19 inhibitors for which the drug-DNA complex crystal structures are unknown. The virtual geometries so generated correlate well with published activities for these 26 inhibitors, justifying our assumption that strong and weak hydrogen bonds are optimized in the active site.