ABSTRACT
Dental implants are established substitutes for replacing missing teeth. For the successful implant placement, the volume of adequate bone at the recipient site is absolutely essential. Peri-implant dehiscence defects are most often encountered at the site of implant placement that requires bone augmentation. These defects may range from very small lack of marginal bone to large areas of denuded implant surfaces. Recent clinical studies have demonstrated that the application of autogenous bone grafts in conjunction with placement of implants leads to successful coverage of the previously exposed implant surfaces. The present case report highlights the bone augmentation of the peri-implant dehiscence defect by intraoral autogenous bone graft while performing the first-stage implant surgery for multiple edentulous areas.
ABSTRACT
Various bone grafts, non-vital bone grafting materials, and membranes have been developed to counteract the significant resorption of the alveolar bone following tooth extraction with utilizing principals of guided bone regeneration (GBR). Alloplastic graft material, consisting of the pure phase of beta-tricalcium phosphate (b-TCP) in the preservation of ridge volume after tooth extraction and before dental implant placement, is a well-accepted procedure. In the present case report, b-TCP bone graft was used to preserve and augment the alveolar bone with utilizing the principles of GBR. Quantification of alveolar bone dimensions was done with the help of computed tomography scan of jaw both at baseline, i.e. before extraction and after 6 months just before implant placement.
ABSTRACT
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses a photoactive dye (photosensitizer [PS])that activates by exposure to light of a specific wavelength in the presence of oxygen. The energy transfer from the activated PS to available oxygen leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species, such as singlet oxygen and free radicals. These chemical species are extremely reactive and can damage proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and other components of the bacterial cell wall. Bacterial biofilms are widely implicated in their role in the causation of gingivitis and periodontitis. Prophylactic and therapeutic regimens for dental plaque related diseases include the usage of various chemotherapeutic agents. Since it is difficult to maintain therapeutic concentrations of these agents in the oral cavity and they run the risk of being rendered ineffective by bacterial resistance mechanisms, the need for an alternative antimicrobial approach in the treatment and prevention of dental plaque related diseases was felt. Many studies have reported the killing of bacteria via lethal photosensitization including both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Photosensitization leads to bacterial elimination, with minimal chances of microbial resistance and with no adverse effects on host tissues and resident microflora. In dentistry, PDT has found use in the treatment of oral cancers, bacterial and fungal infections, and also in the detection of malignancies. PDT is free from genotoxic and mutagenic effects; another important factor for long-term safety. The ease of accessibility of the oral cavity to illumination makes it a suitable target for PDT.