ABSTRACT
Temporal or giant cell arteritis is the most common vasculitis affecting the temporal artery. We encountered an unusual case of involvement of the temporal artery, which showed marked proliferating capillaries admixed with a dense infiltrate of eosinophils affecting all layers of the vessel. It was concluded that these changes were those of an epithelioid hemangioma of the temporal artery.
Subject(s)
Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia with Eosinophilia/diagnosis , Epithelioid Cells/pathology , Giant Cell Arteritis/diagnosis , Hemangioma/diagnosis , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Temporal Arteries/pathologyABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Venous Thromboembolism is an important healthcare problem the world over, resulting in significant morbidity, mortality and resource expenditure. The rationale for use of thromboprophylaxis is based on solid principles and scientific evidence. Indian perspective on this topic is lacking due to the non-availability of published Indian data. This document reviews the available International and Indian data and discusses the relevance of recommendations for prevention and management of Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) in the Indian context. MATERIALS AND METHODS : Meetings of various specialists from different Indian hospitals in the field of Gastrointestinal Surgery, General and Vascular Surgery, Hematology, Intensive Care, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oncology and Orthopedics were held in the months of August 2005 to January 2006. The guidelines published by American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP), the International Union of Angiology (IUA), and the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (RCOG), were discussed during these meetings. The relevance of these guidelines and the practical implications of following these in a developing country like India were also discussed. Any published data from India was collected from data base searches and the results, along with personal experiences of the participating specialists were discussed. The experiences and impressions of the experts during these meetings have been included in this document. Data from recent sources (International Union of Angiology and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Practice guidelines in Oncology on Venous thromboembolic disease) was subsequently also included in this document. RESULTS: The suggestions formulated in this document are practical, and would intend to serve as a useful practical reference. CONCLUSIONS: A number of unanswered questions remain in the field of thromboprophylaxis, and carefully designed research protocols may help answer some of these. Implementation of the suggestions outlined in the document remains to be studied in the Indian context.
Subject(s)
Anticoagulants/adverse effects , Humans , Incidence , India/epidemiology , Thromboembolism/diagnosis , Thrombophilia/etiology , Venous Thrombosis/diagnosisABSTRACT
Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is an established procedure for secondary prevention of stroke in symptomatic individuals with carotid artery stenosis of 70%-99%. The availability of cerebral angioplasty (CA) and stenting has provided another option for the management of symptomatic carotid artery stenosis, although procedural embolisation remains a significant risk. Despite the obvious advantages, such as avoidance of wound complications, cranial nerve injury and the potential for day care intervention. CA is a relatively new treatment modality and has not been subject to the same scrutiny as CEA. There is need for developing appropriate selection criteria for selecting patients for CA, based on properly conducted randomized trials.