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Background@#One of the symptoms annoying patients after total knee replacement (TKR) is numbness around the operative scar. Some studies have shown that altering the incision in terms of placement or length may decrease the incidence of numbness. It still remains unknown whether numbness affects patient-reported outcomes. @*Methods@#We conducted a randomized study to compare a short-length incision (n = 50) and a lateral exit incision (n = 50) with a standard midline TKR incision (n = 50) in terms of the incidence of numbness and its progress over 1 year of follow-up. Our secondary objective was to look at the involved zone, area of numbness, and secondary symptoms. We also looked at patient-reported outcome in terms of satisfaction in all groups using a visual analog scale and Forgotten Joint Score. @*Results@#At 3 months postoperatively, the incidence of numbness was least in the lateral exit group: 46.2% as compared to midline (62%) and short (58.3%), but the difference was not significant (p = 0.07). At 6 months, the short incision group had a significantly lower incidence (8%) of residual numbness as compared to 30% in the other two groups (p = 0.003). At 1 year, most patients recovered sensation loss and had similar function. @*Conclusions@#Placement or length of an incision did not significantly affect the incidence of numbness; however, the short incision led to early recovery of numbness. At 1 year of follow-up, most patients did not complain of loss of sensation and had similar functional outcome.
ABSTRACT
Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a worldwide growing problem causing threat to patient's health because of its association with various complications and comorbidities. It is a chronic disease requiring lifelong medication which further adds to the economic burden. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prescribing pattern and to do pharmacoeconomic analysis of prescribed antidiabetic drugs.Methods: This observational cross sectional study was conducted for 12 months duration in Outpatient Pharmacy of tertiary care hospital. Prescriptions with antidiabetic drugs were captured and evaluation of prescribing pattern along with pharmacoeconomic analysis of antidiabetic drugs was done.Results: A total of 611 prescriptions with antidiabetic drugs were analyzed. There were total 4034 drugs in all prescriptions with a mean of 6.6 drugs per prescription. 4.28% of drugs were prescribed by generic name and 58.9% of prescribed drugs were from essential drug list. Dual drug therapy was prescribed in maximum number of patients (42.2%) followed by monotherapy (28.8%). More commonly prescribed class of antidiabetic drugs was biguanides as monotherapy (n=119) and its combination with sulfonylureas was prescribed maximally among dual drug therapy (n=158). Cost of monthly therapy for antidiabetic drugs prescribed as monotherapy was least with Biguanides (? 98.89/ month) whereas combination of biguanides and thiazolidinediones was least expensive among dual drug therapy (? 216/ month).Conclusions: Biguanides was the most common prescribed class of antidiabetic drugs among monotherapy and its combination with sulfonylureas was most prescribed as dual drug therapy and both of these therapies were economical.
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Gaddi is the predominant Indian goat breed also known as “White Himalayan goat”, constituting 60-65% of total goats in the state of Himachal Pradesh. The polymorphism of prolactin receptor (PRLR) gene was found to have relationship with prolificacy in goats. In present study, polymorphism of intron 2 region of PRLR gene was investigated in Gaddi goats (n = 89) using PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing approach. PCR-SSCP assay of 176 bp amplicon of intron 2 region of PRLR gene revealed polymorphism with three types of genotypes viz., AA, AB and BB with genotypic frequencies as 0.31, 0.55 and 0.14, respectively. The allelic frequency of alleles A and B were 0.59 and 0.41, respectively in all the screened goat population. Genetic diversity analysis revealed the value of Ne, Hobs, Hexp and PIC were 1.96, 0.52, 0.49 and 0.37, respectively. The Ne and Hobs values also indicated that sufficient genetic variation exists at the studied locus. FIS estimate was observed as -0.15 indicating heterozygous excess at studied locus. DNA sequencing of amplified product revealed one nucleotide mutation (T92C) in intron 2 region of PRLR gene. The mean litter size in AA, AB and AB genotypes were 1.27±0.12, 1.41±0.09 and 1.84±0.26, respectively. No significant (P>0.05) associations of PRLR genotypes with litter size were observed. Effect of season and parity were also found to be non-significant (P>0.05) on litter size. Consequently, the study on additional data based on more number of animals in diversified flock should be carried out for future association studies.
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Objectives: To observe the frequency of non-firearm fatalities in interior of Sindh
Study Design: Observational / descriptive study
Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in the Mortuary of Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad [LUH] from 1st January, 2015 to 31st December, 2015
Materials and Methods: Fatality records were obtained from mortuary of [LUH] Hyderabad, which comprises of police inquest reports and postmortem reports
During study period 217 cases of Medico legal deaths were brought for postmortem examination in the mortuary of LUH. All cases were sorted according to age, sex and cause of medico legal / unnatural deaths and data was analyzed
Results: The most common type of unnatural death found in every age group was homicide. Among 155 homicidal deaths, road traffic accidents seen in 57 cases [36.77%] as the major cause of death mostly accidental but sometimes may be homicidal. Next cause is sharp weapons which engulf lives of 30 [19.35%] humans. Only 02 [1.29%] cases of suicide were brought to medico legal section. In 05 [3.22%] cases cause of death remains undetermined
Out of total 155 cases, 118 were males [76.12%] and females were 37[23.87%]. The age group most commonly involved was of 21-40years; next group with majority is between ages of 41-60 years while death in 01-20 years of age is equal to deaths in age group of 61-80 years
Conclusion: Our study concludes that among the homicidal deaths non firearm fatalities are predominately due to road traffic accidents followed by sharp weapons
ABSTRACT
Objective: To study frequency of patterns and manners of asphyxial deaths autopsied at LiaquatUniversity Hospital
Study Design: Retrospective study
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Department of Forensic Medicine and Office of Police Surgeon-Medico legal section, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro/Hyderabad from January 2010 to December2014
Materials and Methods: Medicolegal files of autopsy were studied retrospectively. 135 files were finalized after scrutiny of 2033 autopsies. Causes, types and patterns of asphyxia were noted. Essential data was noted in a pre-designed proforma for study purpose. Data variables were analyzed on Microsoft excel and Statistix8.1 using appropriate statistical tests. P value of
Results: One hundred and thirty five cases of asphyxial deaths [out of 2033 autopsies] were studied. Age [mean +/- SD] was noted as 49.7 +/- 8.9 years. Of 135 cases, 65.9% [n=89] were male and 34.07% [n=46] were female [X[2]=112.5 p=0.0001]. 28.1% and 8.14% of cases showed ligature and manual strangulation respectively. Hanging, drowning, traumatic asphyxia and throttling were noted in 42.21%, 12.59%, 5.18% and 3.7% respectively. Suicidal deaths in 29.6%, homicidal in 57.03% and accidental asphyxial deaths were observed in 13.33%
Conclusion: Homicidal and suicidal deaths of hanging and strangulation seemed to be the major contributing causes of asphyxial deaths
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Objective: To assess acute poisoning and its medicolegal aspects in patients presenting at a tertiary care hospitalofSindh
Study Design:Observational Study
Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at Liaquat University Hospital Jamshoro/Hyderabad from April 2014 to June 2015
Materials and Methods: 240 cases of acute poisoning were studied presenting at the outpatient departments and emergency wards of the Liaquat University Hospital Jamshoro/Hyderabad. Acute poisoning cases were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Tools used for gathering information were the; information obtained from attendants/relatives, history of patients him/herself, clinical presentation, clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory findings and moreover response to anti poisoning therapy. Data was analyzed on statix software 8.1 [USA]. Data was analyzed using student`s t-test and Chi-square test for continuous and categorical variables respectively. P-value
Results: Of 240 subjects, 147 [61.25%] were male and 93 [38.75%] were female. [p=0.01]. Most of study subjects belong to low social class in present study. Mean age of subjects was 45 +/- 7.7 years. Male outnumbered to female as regards the acute poisoning [p=0.001]. Acute poisoning for suicide purpose was noted in 54.1 % [n=130] of study subjects. Kachasharab, organophosphate and diazepam were the most commonly used agents for poisoning purpose
Conclusion: Acute poisoning is increasing due to commonly available poisons such as drugs and pesticides. The public sector authorities should take measures for the proper implementation of handling of drugs, poisons and pesticides
ABSTRACT
To isolate and characterize keratinolytic fungi and bacteria from indigenous soils, a total of 80 samples were collected from Ghari Mori District. Khairpur, and these organisms were isolated using standard microbiological technique. The isolated keratinolytic microorganisms comprised: Absidia sp., Chrysosporium asperatum, Chrysosporium keratinophilum, Entomophthora coronata, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus and their keratinolytic properties were distinguished from the production of keratinase by measurement of zone of hydrolysis on skimmed milk agar [P<0.05]. C. keratinophylum and B. subtilis produced largest zone among all the isolated species. The crude keratinase revealed that the optimum time for production of the enzyme was seven days, optimum temperature 30°C and optimum pH 9 for C.keratinophylum but for B. subtilis, the optimum time was three days, optimum temperature 37°C and optimum pH 7. The enzyme activity of C. keratinophylum and B. subtilis were determined to be 220 U/ml and 260 U/ml respectively [P< 0.05]
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The microbial diversity was studied by Standard Plate Count and Direct Root Inoculation in the Nara Desert eco-region soil Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan. It was found that the bacterial count was 200000 to 280000 per gram of soil whereas fungal count was 84000 to 110000. Among the bacterial diversity it was observed that there was existence of Bacillus sp., and halophilic Gram negative rods and cocci and five species of fungi belonging to three genera viz, Aspergillus, Alternaria and Cunninghamii were present. Hence more exploration is needed to recover many other micro-organisms and their relation with various plants and people of this eco-region