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1.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 145(12): 1597-1604, dic. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-902485

ABSTRACT

Background There is conflicting evidence regarding the role of salt intake in blood pressure (BP). Aim To estimate the impact of salt consumption on the BP level of a non-hypertensive population aged between 15 and 64 years. Material and Methods Analytical-observational study using data from the National Health Survey 2009-2010. A BP cut-off point at 120/80 mmHg BP was considered to determine risk. Salt consumption was divided into four strata. The prevalence ratios (PR) were determined using the Poisson model with robust variance. The formulas of the studies of Dal Grande and Walter for the estimation of population attributable fraction (PAF) were used. Results The sample was constituted by 1,263 individuals and 24.3% had BP at risk. A statistically significant association was observed between high salt intake and risk BP with PR of 1.91 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.44-2.57) in the consumption stratum of 11 g / day and more. It was estimated that 4.7% (95% CI 4.2-5.2) of BP risk can be attributed to salt consumption, when controlling by age group, sex and educational level. Conclusions The 4.7% PAF is lower than the figure of 30% reported abroad. Interventions to reduce salt consumption in the entire population and the identification of risk groups are recommended.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Blood Pressure/physiology , Sodium Chloride, Dietary/adverse effects , Risk Assessment/methods , Reference Values , Socioeconomic Factors , Time Factors , Blood Pressure Determination , Poisson Distribution , Sex Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Age Factors , Hypertension/etiology
2.
Acta bioeth ; 18(2): 163-171, nov. 2012. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-687029

ABSTRACT

Uno de los problemas centrales de la bioética clínica relacionados con el final de la vida es la limitación del esfuerzo terapéutico. Su correcta práctica se traduce en limitar esfuerzos cuando las circunstancias del paciente dan la certeza de que no existen posibilidades de recuperación. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer sobre este problema desde las percepciones de profesionales médicos y de enfermería que trabajan en unidades de pacientes críticos. Para ello se realizó un estudio cualitativo de tipo exploratorio y se aplicó teoría fundamentada como herramienta de análisis, a través de la búsqueda de categorías teóricas a partir de los datos. Entre los resultados globales se destaca que la limitación del esfuerzo terapéutico es una práctica habitual a la que se deben enfrentar los profesionales. Los conceptos técnicos se encuentran claros; sin embargo, los principales problemas éticos se originan en los procesos de toma de decisiones, ya que existe un desconocimiento de las implicancias éticas y una escasa reflexión sobre el tema. En ninguno de los dos grupos de estudio existían profesionales con formación en bioética, hecho frecuente en este ámbito.


One of the main problems of clinical bioethics related to the end of life is the limits to therapeutic efforts. Its fair practice is reduced to limit efforts when the circumstances of the patient point to the lack of possibilities for recovering. The goal of this study is to inquire about this problem under the perceptions of medical and nursing professionals who work in critical patients units. An exploratory qualitative study was carried out applying based theory as tool for analysis, through the search of theoretical categories in data. Among the global results, the limits to therapeutic efforts are highlighted as a habitual practice which professionals must face. Technical concepts are found clear; nevertheless, the main ethical problems are originated in the processes of decision making, since there is lack of knowledge on the ethical implications and a scarce reflection about the topic. Both groups of study lacked professionals trained in bioethics, frequent fact in this field.


Um dos problemas centrais da bioética clínica relacionados com o final da vida é a limitação do esforço terapêutico. A sua correta prática se traduz em limitar esforços quando as circunstâncias do paciente dão a certeza de que não existem possibilidades de recuperação. O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer este problema a partir das percepções de profissionais médicos e enfermeiros que trabalham em unidades de pacientes críticos. Para isso se realizou um estudo qualitativo de tipo exploratório e se aplicou uma teoria fundamentada como ferramenta de análise através da busca de categorias teóricas a partir dos dados. Entre os resultados globais se destaca que a limitação do esforço terapêutico é uma prática habitual a qual os profissionais devem enfrentar. Os conceitos técnicos se encontram claros; entretanto, os principais problemas éticos se originam nos processos de tomada de decisões, já que existe um desconhecimento das implicações éticas e uma escassa reflexão sobre o tema. Em nenhum dos dois grupos de estudo existiam profissionais com formação em bioética, fato frequente neste âmbito.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Bioethics , Terminal Care/ethics , Health Personnel , Intensive Care Units , Hospitals, Public , Nurses , Perception , Physicians , Qualitative Research , Terminally Ill , Decision Making/ethics
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