ABSTRACT
The traditional roles of managers are insufficient in today's evolving healthcare market. Therefore, they need to improve management practices through playing new roles. So the present study aimed to explore the roles of nurse managers in the context of Iranian health care system. A qualitative content analysis with semi-structured interviews was used in this study. The study settings included the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Nursing and Midwifery Schools, public hospitals, and Nursing Associations in Tehran, Iran. A purposive sample of twenty six nurse managers was recruited in this study. The main theme found was "socio-political roles", with the five subcategories as roles: "managing boundaries", "integrator", "convincing agent of change", "governance of the profession", and "promotion of the profession". The study indicated by playing socio-political roles nurse mangers gained many advantages for the profession. While studies have focused on the traditional roles of nursing managers, the concept of socio-political roles opens a new field of work. Hence, should be made to pay close attention to the significant roles of nursing managers in the current context of health care. In keeping pace with changes and by enacting their socio-political roles, nursing managers can facilitate the achievement of major professional and healthcare goals.
ABSTRACT
To develop and test clinical performance self-efficacy [CPSF] scale for nursing students. Literature review indicated there is no existing nursing clinical performance self-efficacy instrument for nursing students. A qualitative study was conducted to explore the self-efficacy concept in clinical performance of nursing students. A self-efficacy framework with well-developed theoretical constructs was formed. A methodological study design was used, consisting of two phases. A review of literature and also content analysis of the interview and focus group transcripts identified subscale and key items to be included in the instrument. CPSF scale was developed into 69 Likert-format items, which were evaluated by twenty nursing experts followed by testing in a random sample of 207 nursing students. The scale's validity and reliability were tested. After measuring content validity index and factor analysis, the final scale of four dimensions with 37 items was developed. In addition, concurrent validity was obtained [r= 0.73, P< 0.01]. The overall scale internal reliability had a=0.96; Cronbach's a for scale's dimensions ranged from 0.90 to 0.92. Test-retest reliability with a 2-week time interval was: r=0.94. The CPSF had demonstrated evidence of content validity, construct validity, concurrent validity, internal consistency, and stability. Statistical analysis provided an objective tool for assessing nursing students' clinical performance self-efficacy