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Background:Patients with hypertension in India been reported with high heart rate owing to sympathetic overdrive (SO). Beta-blockers provides several positive effects to reduce SO in patients with hypertension. The aim of present survey studywasto understand current real-world prevalence of SO in Indian patients with hypertension and usage of beta-blocker therapy in them.Methods:A cross sectional, observational, questionnaire-based survey conducted across India between June 2020 to October 2020. A specially designed validated questionnaire was shared with 157 registered health care practitioners (HCP),their anonymous inputs were captured and analysed in qualitative manner. Categorical data was summarized by number (n) and percentage (%). Results:Total 157 HCP participated and completed the survey. Around 53% of HCP observed that patients with average heart rate above 75 beats/min were associated with negative prognosis. Around 43% of HCP reported that raised heart rate is associated with advancedage and increased body mass index (BMI). Two-third of HCP reported that tachycardia is associated with stage-2 hypertension and marked by restlessness and anxiety which is suggestive of SO. Over 70% HCP agreed that the HR below 75 beats/min is associated with good prognosis. Around 89% HCP reported beta-blockers as the drug of choice in patients with augmented SO. S-Metoprololwas reported to bethemost preferred beta-blocker agent and was recommended by 76% HCP in patients with hypertension and coexisting SO.Conclusions:SO been reported prevalent conditionin Indian patients with hypertension which likely worsensthe prognosis in these patients. Beta-blockers reported to be the preferred choice of anti-hypertensive and S-Metoprololseem to be themost preferred agent amongst the available beta-blockers against SO in patients with hypertension in India.
ABSTRACT
@#Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging disease and since its first identification in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, there has been a rapid increase in cases and deaths across the world. COVID-19 has been shown to have an immense impact in infected persons with diabetes, worsening their outcome, especially in elderly, smokers, obese, those having CVD, CKD, poor glycemic control and long duration of diabetes. In this review we summarize the current understanding of `the impact of COVID-19 on diabetes and discusses the pathophysiological mechanisms and management of diabetes and its complication in this scenario.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Diabetes MellitusABSTRACT
Introduction: Normative data of Nerve conduction study(NCS) are used to evaluate Nerve conduction study ofpatients presenting with signs and symptoms of peripheralnerve disease. The Nerve conduction velocity depends onage, gender, temperature and nerve diameter. The study wasdone to observe the effect of the cerebral dominance if anyon the motor nerve conduction velocity by recording nerveconduction velocity of both right and left sides in upper limb.Material and Methods: The nerve conduction study was doneon 100 medical students (50 male and 50 female) studying inAdesh Institute of Medical Science sand Research, Bathinda.Motor nerve conduction for Median nerve was done usingcomputerized software Octopus EMG/NCV/EP. Amplitude,duration and conduction velocity of Median Nerve weremeasured for both the upper limbs.Results: Motor nerve conduction velocity of Median Nervewas found to be greater in right limb (56.87 ± 3.6 m/s and57.5 ± 3.35 m/s) as compared to left limb (56.33 ± 3.53 m/sand 56.97 ± 3.48 m/s) in both male and female students but theresults were statistically non-significant (p>0.05). The latencyof median nerve conduction was less in females (2.65± 0.24ms and 2.75± 0.32 m/s) than in males (2.71± 0.27ms and2.78± 0.32 m/s) on both sides.Conclusion: Motor nerve conduction velocity was found tobe greater in right limb as compared to left limb in both malesand females Motor nerve conduction velocity was found to bemore in female students as compared to male students.