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RESUMEN Objetivo: Conocer los beneficios de un programa de ejercicio multimodal para mejorar la función muscular en adultos mayores del Hospital de la Fuerza Aérea del Perú en el 2018. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de intervención, analítico, prospectivo y longitudinal. Un total de 66 pacientes fueron evaluados, pero solo 24 de ellos cumplieron con el tiempo de intervención de 6 meses. Resultados: La edad promedio fue de 75 ± 7,01 años. La Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), que incluye dentro de sus parámetros tanto balance, velocidad de marcha y la prueba de la silla, tuvo un impacto positivo en el grupo de intervención y mostró resultados estadísticamente significativos. No se encontró significancia estadística en la fuerza de presión en kilogramos ni en la medición del diámetro de la pantorrilla. Conclusiones: El programa de ejercicios multimodal en adultos mayores que pertenecen a la Fuerza Aérea del Perú tiene un impacto positivo en la función muscular.
ABSTRACT Objective: To find out the benefits of a multimodal exercise program for muscle function improvement in older adults from the Hospital de la Fuerza Aérea del Perú in 2018. Materials and methods: An interventional, analytical, prospective and longitudinal study. A total of 66 patients were assessed, out of whom only 24 completed the six-month intervention period. Results: The patients' median age was 75 ± 7.01. The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), which combines the results of the balance, gait speed and chair stand tests, had a positive impact on the intervention group and showed statistically significant results. No statistical significance was found in grip strength in kilograms or calf circumference measurement. Conclusions: The multimodal exercise program for older adults from the Peruvian Air Force has a positive impact on muscle function.
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RESUMEN Fundamento: la dependencia funcional contempla la presencia de limitaciones en las actividades diarias y está relacionada con la disminución de todas las capacidades y la interacción con el entorno. Este factor está relacionado con diferentes comorbilidades que se presentan en los adultos mayores. Una de estas comorbilidaes es la diabetes mellitus. Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de dependencia funcional en pacientes adultos mayores con diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en la clínica de día y consultorio externo del Centro Geriátrico Naval en el periodo 2010-2015. Método: se realizó un estudio transversal con análisis secundario de la base de datos Texas-Camena UTMB 2010-2015 del Centro de Investigación del Envejecimiento de la Universidad San Martín de Porres. Se consideró como variable dependiente a la dependecia funcional y las variables independientes fueron las características sociodemográficas y los antecedentes personales y patológicos. Se realizó estadística descriptiva basada en el cálculo de frecuencias, porcentajes, dispersión y medidas de tendencia central. Para encontrar la asociacion entre las variables independientes y la dependencia funcional se utilizó la prueba de Chi cuadrado o la prueba exacta de Fisher. Los cálculos se realizaron con un nivel de confianza de 95 %. Resultados: el promedio de edad fue de 77,5± 8 años. En 9 pacientes (3,3 %) se detectó dependencia total; en 5 (1,9 %) fue severa; en 154 (57,0 %) fue moderada; y en 33 (12,2 %) fue baja. De ellos 69 (25,6 %) no tuvieron dependencia. El rango de edad de 83-100 años fue un factor asociado independiente para presentar dependencia funcional (OR=2,64 IC 95 % [1,071-6,510]). Conclusiones: el 73,4 % de la población en estudio presentó algún nivel de dependencia funcional, siendo el rango de edad de 83-100 años un factor independiente asociado para presentar dependencia funcional.
ABSTRACT Background: functional dependence considers the presence of limitations in daily activities and is related to the decrease in all abilities and interaction with the environment. This factor is related to different comorbidities that occur in older adults. One of these comorbidities is diabetes mellitus. Objective: to determine the prevalence of functional dependence in elderly patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the day clinic and outpatient clinic of the Naval Geriatric Center in the period 2010-2015. Method: a cross-sectional study was carried out with secondary analysis of the Texas-Camena UTMB 2010-2015 database of the San Martín de Porres University Center for Research on Aging. Functional dependence was considered as a dependent variable and the independent variables were sociodemographic characteristics and personal and pathological antecedents. Descriptive statistics were performed based on the calculation of frequencies, percentages, dispersion and measures of central tendency. To find the association between the independent variables and the functional dependence, the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used. The calculations were made with a confidence level of 95 %. Results: the average age was 77.5 ± 8 years. In 9 patients (3.3 %) total dependence was detected; in 5 (1.9 %) it was severe; in 154 (57.0 %) it was moderate; and in 33 (12.2 %) it was low. Of them 69 (25.6 %) did not have dependency. The age range of 83-100 years old was an independent associated factor for presenting functional dependence (OR = 2.64 95 % CI [1.071-6.510]). Conclusions: the 73.4 % of the study population presented some level of functional dependence, with the age range of 83-100 years old being an independent factor associated with presenting functional dependence.
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ABSTRACT. In the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic, higher morbidity and mortality have been reported in older adults. This age group presents physiological changes and its own clinical conditions such as frailty, dementia, among others. Objective: To describe the characteristics of COVID-19 patients, both over and under 80 years old, by conducting a systematic review of the literature describing case reports, and to summarize and critically assess these characteristics. Methods: Systematic review. The study was registered on the Registry of Health Research Projects (PRISA) of the Peruvian National Institute of Health (code EI00000631). Five electronic databases (Scopus, PubMed, PubMed Central, LILACS, and SCIELO) were systematically searched during the period between December 31, 2019 and April 16, 2020. The search focused on case reports, case studies, and case series of older people with COVID-19 infection aged over or under 80 years. When selecting the cases, priority was given to clinical and epidemiological profile, laboratory and imaging patterns, and comprehensive geriatric evaluation. Results: 1,149 articles were identified; after applying the filters, a total of 15 publications of case reports and complete records of 27 older adults were obtained. The most frequent age group was between 60 to 69 years old. There is little literature regarding case reports of older adults aged over 80 years. The most frequent parameters were hypertension, fever, cough, respiratory distress, ground-glass opacification in chest radiography and tomography. Furthermore, decrease in PaO2/FiO2 ratio and lymphocytes, and increase in C-reactive protein and Interleukin 6 were observed. Conclusions: This systematic review found little available information of patients under 80 years old, and far less for those over 80 years old, and an absence of comprehensive geriatric assessment.
RESUMO. No contexto da atual pandemia de covid-19, maior morbidade e mortalidade têm sido relatadas em idosos. Sabe-se que essa faixa etária apresenta alterações fisiológicas e condições clínicas próprias, como fragilidade, demência, entre outras. Objetivo: Descrever as características de pacientes com covid-19, maiores e menores de 80 anos, por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura que descreve relatos de casos, e resumir e avaliar criticamente essas características. Método: Revisão sistemática. O estudo foi registrado no Registro de Projetos de Pesquisa em Saúde (PRISA) do Instituto Nacional de Saúde do Peru (código EI00000631). Local: cinco bases de dados eletrônicas (Scopus, PubMed, PubMed Central, LILACS e SCIELO) foram sistematicamente pesquisadas entre 31 de dezembro de 2019 e 16 de abril de 2020. A busca se concentrou em relatos de caso, estudos de caso e séries de casos mais antigos pessoas com infecção por SARS-CoV-2 com mais e menos de 80 anos. Na seleção dos casos, a prioridade foi dada ao perfil clínico e epidemiológico, padrões laboratoriais e de imagem, e avaliação geriátrica abrangente. Resultados: Foram identificados 1.149 artigos. Após a aplicação dos filtros, obteve-se um total de 15 publicações de relatos de caso e registros completos de 27 idosos. A faixa etária mais frequente foi de 60 a 69 anos. Há pouca literatura sobre relatos de casos de adultos com mais de 80 anos. Os parâmetros mais frequentes foram hipertensão, febre, tosse, dificuldade respiratória, vidro fosco na radiografia e tomografia de tórax. Também foram observados diminuição da PaO2 / FiO2 e linfócitos, e aumento da proteína C reativa e Interleucina 6. Conclusões: Esta revisão sistemática encontrou poucas informações disponíveis sobre pacientes com menos de 80 anos, em quantidade ainda menor para aqueles com mais de 80 anos, além de uma ausência de avaliação geriátrica abrangente.
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Humans , COVID-19 , Aged , Case Reports , Systematic Review , InfectionsABSTRACT
Numerosos estudios han demostrado la utilidad de las mediciones Desempeño Físico (DF) para el diagnóstico de fragilidad y la predicción adecuada de la discapacidad en adultos mayores (AM). Objetivo: Describir el impacto que tienen las Enfermedades Cr¢nicas y la comorbilidad sobre variables del DF. Material y métodos: Investigación observacional descriptiva, de corte transversal, realizada en 329 Adultos Mayores del Municipio Plaza de la Revolución. Se realizaron entrevistas para conocer sus comorbilidades y se midió la Velocidad de la Marcha (VM), amplitud del paso promedio (APP) y Tiempo de Equilibrio (TE). Resultados: La poblaci¢n total tuvo en promedio una VM de 0.93m/s, una APP de 49cm, y un TE de 14.2 segundos. La VM en hipertensos fue 0.89 m/s (p: 0.012), la APP de 48 cm (p: 0.20), y un TE de 16.1 (p: 0.022). En diabéticos la VM fue de 0.87 m/s, la APP de cm y TE de 16.1 (p: 0.06). Se encontró que la VM sin comorbilidades fue de 0.97 m/s, con 1 comorbilidad 0.92 m/s y con 2 o m s comorbilidades fue de 50.8 cm, con 1 comorbilidad 49.6 cm y con 2 y m s comorbilidades 49.3 cm (p: 0.08); el TE sin comorbilidades fue de 13.8 segundos, con 1 comorbilidad 16.4 segundos y con 2 y m s comorbilidades 16.6 segundos (p: 0.003). Conclusiones: la hipertensi¢n y la diabetes est n asociadas a alteraciones en las mediciones DF en los AM así como el número de comorbilidades.
Numerous studies have demonstrated the usefulness of physical performance measurements (PPM) for the diagnosis of frailty and accurate prediction of disability in older adults. Objective: To describe the impact of chronic disease and comorbidity on variables of PPM. Material and Methods: descriptive observational, cross-sectional, conducted on 329 elderly from Municipio Plaza de la Revoluci¢n. They were interviewed to find out their comorbidities and measured gait speed (GS), average step amplitude (ASA) and balance time (BT). Results: total population had an average GS of 0.93 m/s, an ASA of 49 cm, and a BT of 14.2 seconds. The GS in hypertensives was 0.89 m/s (p: 0.012), 48 cm of ASA (p: 0.20), and a BT of 16.1 (p: 0.022). In diabetics the GS was 0.87 m/s, an ASA of 46 cm and BT of 16.1 (p: 0.06). We found that the GS in elderly without comorbidities was 0.97 m/s, with 1 comorbidity 0.92 m/s, and with 2 or more comorbidities 0.87 m/s (p: 0.05), the ASA without comorbidities was 50.8 cm, 49.6 cm witch 1 comorbidity and with 2 or more comorbidities 49.3 cm (p: 0.08), the BT without comorbidities was 13.8 seconds, 16.4 seconds in elderly with 1 comorbidity and with 2 or more comorbidities 16.6 seconds (p: 0.003). Conclusions: Hypertension and diabetes are associated with alterations in PPM as the number of comorbidities.