ABSTRACT
Background: Cancer is a major health burden worldwide. By 2030, over 9 million cancer patients are assumed to die in developing countries from different types of cancers. Incidence of different types of cancers is increasing due to unhealthy life style. At present, lung cancer is most prevalent in Bangladeshi male whereas it is cancer cervix in female. Objective: To determine the frequency, pattern and treatment modalities in different types of cancer in different age and sex group to get an idea about national cancer scenario. Materials and method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1300 cancer patients attending at Delta Medical College Hospital within three months duration (from 15.07.10 to 15.10.10). Histologically proven malignant cases were included in the study. Results: There were 400 male and 900 female patients. Male: female ratio was 1:2.25. Among all patients, cervical cancer was the top most common malignancy (23.07%) followed by breast (22.46%). In male, lung cancer was found to be the most common cancer (15.75%), followed by non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (13.75%), colorectal (12%), stomach (6.75%), and oesophageal (5.75%) carcinomas. In female patients, carcinoma cervix was the top most cancer (33.33%), followed by breast (32.33%), ovary (6.11%), gall bladder (3.77%), and colorectal (3%) carcinomas. Majority of cancers occurred in middle and older age groups. Combination of surgery, chemotherapy and teletherapy was the most common form of treatment. Conclusion: The findings of the study may provide a helpful clue to important facts and figures of different types of cancers in Bangladesh.
ABSTRACT
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common paediatric infections. By the time children are 5 years old, about 8% of girls and about 1-2% of boys have had at least one episode of UTI. UTIs are caused mainly by colonic bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, followed by Klebsiella and Proteus. However, any organism that gains access to the urinary tract system may cause infection, including fungi (Candida species) and viruses. In some instances, UTI results in recognition of an important underlying structural abnormality of the urinary tract. The febrile infant or child with clinically significant bacteriuria and no other site of infection to explain the fever, even in the absence of systemic symptoms has UTI. Signs and symptoms of UTIs vary depending on the child's age and on which part of the urinary tract is infected. The diagnosis of UTI is based on routine microscopic examination and culture of a properly collected urine specimen. Imaging studies are done in selected patients to identify anatomic abnormalities. Most cases of uncomplicated UTI respond readily to outpatient antibiotic treatment without further sequelae. All patients should have close follow-up to evaluate response to antibiotics and to prevent the development of long term complication.