ABSTRACT
Postpartum period is an exclusive period after birth which can act as a potential stressor and could be accompanied with psychological disorders. Social support could play an important role in maternal mental health. Considering various stressors and different levels of social support for women, this study aimed to compare postpartum stressors as well as social support level between primiparous and multiparous women. This descriptive comparative study was conducted on 400 primiparous and multiparous mothers who referred to urban health centers, Mashhad, Iran in 2011. They had no history of medical or psychological problems and had healthy term neonates who were 8-25 days old. The sampling was carried out through a multistage cluster sampling. Data were collected using modified Hung questionnaire of postpartum stressors, Helen questionnaire of anxiety and Hopkins social support questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive analytic statistics by SPSS version 11. The mean stress scores were 242.5 +/- 157.1 in primiparous and 28.8 +/- 179.8 in multiparous women. The main stressor of primiparous and multiparous women was neonate bathing and lower-back pain, respectively. The mean score of social support was 108.3 +/- 8.25 in the primiparous and 102.0 +/- 26.6 in multiparous women, which showed a significant difference between two groups [P=0.000]. Various care programs are essential to support primiparous and multiparous mothers from different stressors that they face in postpartum period. It is also recommended to provid more information regarding the social support for the families
ABSTRACT
Normal female sexual function has an important role in feel healthy and increasing quality of their life. Attitudes, tendencies and understanding of sexual partner in sexual relationship, can be accounted as some branches of attachment to parents. According to Bowlby's important theory about attachment and less access to studies that tested hypothesis derived from this theory about sexual problems, this research is accomplished to determine the relationship between adult attachment style to parents with female sexual function. This research is a kind of descriptive-correlation study, that 161 married women, between 15-44 years were selected by Ghaem Hospital and obstetricians' of offices, in Mashhad. Data were collected by questionnaires of adult scale of parental attachment during their childhood, and female sexual function index. Data were analyzed by SPSS using liner regression; confidence coefficient was considered 95%. The entire domain of sexual function except sexual lubrication were related to secure attachment style to mother and all the domain of sexual function except sexual painless was negatively related to distant attachment style to father [P<0.05] Maternal secure attachment and paternal insecure distant attachment play important role in adulthood sexual function in the adulthood which is in agreement to Bowlby's findings