ABSTRACT
Background and Aim: Microbes are notorious for rapidly develop drugs resistant due to gene transfer and spontaneous mutation. So their continues surveillance of antibiogram pattern is necessary to detect muti-drugs resistant organisms to improve patients outcome admitted in ICUs. Objective is to detect bacterial organisms causing infection in different ICUs and to know their antibiotic resistance pattern. Methodology: Total 602 different samples were collected from different ICUs and processed for culture, bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing done according to CLSI recommendation. Results: Out of total 602 samples, 248 (41.02%) were culture positive. The number of isolated Gram negative and Gram positive organisms were 196 (79.03%) and 52 (20.97%) respectively. Most common isolated of Gram negative organism was Pseudomonas spp. 58(23.38%), followed by Acinetobacter spp. 46 (18.55%). While, most common isolated gram positive cocci was coagulase negative staphylococcus spp. 32 (12.95%), followed by Enterococcus spp 8 (3.24%). From total 196 isolates of gram negative, 71.43% were MDROs, 7.14% were XDROs. Out of total 52 gram positive isolates, 40.38% were MDRO, 3.85% were XDRO. Conclusion: Routine Microbiological surveillance helps to guide in implementing better antibiotic policies to improve patient’s morbidity and mortality suffering from multi-drug resistant infections in ICUs.
ABSTRACT
Background: Otitis media is very common disease in developing country and if not treated properly can lead to hearing loss and serious neurological complications. Its bacteriology and antibiotic sensitivity varies in different population. Thus knowledge of the microbiological pattern with antibiotic susceptibility is important to deliver efficacious treatment of this disease. So, purpose of the present study was to determine the microbiological profile and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolates from ear discharge in patients of otitis media. Methods: This study was conducted in Department of Microbiology of our institute for duration of one year. A total of 100 patients’ samples visiting ENT OPD were taken who complaining of ear discharge. Identification of organism was done by using standard biochemical reactions and antibiotic susceptibility testing done by using modified Kirby Bauer method as per CLSI guidelines. Results: Majority of the patients were between 21-30 years of age group (28%). The most common organism isolated was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (25.88%), highly sensitive to aminoglycosides and β-lactam + β-lactamase inhibitor (100%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (21.17%), highly sensitive to aminoglycosides (100%) and fluoroquinolones (72.22%). Conclusions: Knowledge of the pathogenic agents responsible for otitis media and choice of effective antibiotics according to susceptibility pattern will guide the treatment. It also helps in reducing complications of the disease and decreasing emergence of resistance to antibiotics.