ABSTRACT
The present study was performed to design and evaluate the famotidine loaded mucoadhesive nanosuspension for aspirin induced ulcer. A 3-factor, 3-level Box-Behnken design was applied to study the effects of amount of the beads (X1), PVPK-30(X2) and Tween-80 (X3) on the particle size (Y1), and cumulative percentage drug released after 1h (Y2). The optimization was performed using the desirability function and contour plots. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed the nanoparticles as spherical in shape. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis indicated that there was substantial crystallinity change in the nanoparticle compared with the pure drug. Ex-vivo mucoadhesion study showed that famotidine mucoadhesive nanoparticles possessed higher mucoadhesion than the famotidine nanoparticles. The in vivo studies on aspirin-induced rats indicated the lowering in ulcer index for famotidine mucoadhesive nanoparticles was 0.46+0.011, which was significantly better than the effect of traditional famotidine suspension (0.66+0.035). Famotidine mucoadhesive nanosuspension could be prepared using the media milling technique and allowing significant reduction in ulcer index compared to famotidine suspension.
ABSTRACT
FREEDOM FROM VIOLENCE, not necessarily proportional with development in some basic capabilities like nutrition, longevity and literacy which positively related to economic growth. So, dealing with violence in society is intrinsically a matter of public interest. In present study 79 cases of homicidal deaths due to different mechanical injuries was studied in two year period from 1/1/2009 to 31/12/2010. The incidence of homicidal death was 9.13% during this period. Males affected more in comparison to females. Majority of cases were fall in 21-40 yrs. of age comprising 50 cases (63.28%).Injuries by blunt weapons commonly observed in 30 cases (37.97%) which followed by injuries by sharp weapons 19 cases (24.05%). Totally 329 sharp injuries observed in comparison to 152 blunt injuries. Incidences were prevalent at dense forest area 26 cases (32.91%), in married persons 55 cases (69.62%), in between 6 pm to 12 midnight 24 cases (30.37%) and revenge was main motive 23 cases (29.11%).
Subject(s)
Adult , Cause of Death , Ethnicity/statistics & numerical data , Homicide/epidemiology , Homicide/ethnology , Homicide/etiology , Homicide/mortality , Homicide/statistics & numerical data , Humans , India/epidemiology , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/epidemiology , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/ethnology , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/etiology , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/mortality , Wounds, Stab/epidemiology , Wounds, Stab/ethnology , Wounds, Stab/etiology , Wounds, Stab/mortality , Young AdultABSTRACT
A number of Organophosphorus compounds have been introduced in Indian market as agricultural insecticides, being effective against wide range of insects and pests. But a number of these compounds have proved to be more toxic to humans than its utility as insecticides, pesticides or fungicides. This study aims to evaluate the certain factors which are very significant in relation to outcome of Organophosphorus compound poisoning like age, sex, SE status, marital status, reason of committing suicide, etc. and attempt to know its prevalence in society and try to plan for future preventive strategy. The study was carried out on 288 cases of Organophosphorus compound poisoning which come to Maharani Hospital, Jagdalpur, (C.G) from 01/01/2007 to 31/12/2009. M: F ratio was 1.3: 1.0. Majority of the cases were in age group of 21-30 yrs includes 128 cases (44.44%). Higher proportion of cases from lower class of society 141 cases (48.95%), from rural area 237 cases (82.29%), due to lack of education in affected community. Suicidal intent to consume the compound was the commonest - 250 cases (86.80%). Recovery rate was highest amongst those who consume less than 10 ml of poison – 120 cases (41.66%).
ABSTRACT
To analyze the magnitude of head injury in fatal RTA cases, present study was conducted in the department of Forensic Medicine Toxicology, Govt. Medical College, Jagdalpur (Chhattisgarh) in 2009 calendar year. The present study was undertaken on 105 victims of RTA who died due to head injuries, which autopsied at GMC, Jagdalpur (C.G). Most of the accidents occurred in the afternoon hours (12: 01 - 18:00). There was a clear male dominance (88.57%). The most affected age was middle age (21-40 yrs) & most commonly affected age group is 21-30 yrs. Vehicular occupants were commonly affected (63.80%) & amongst them two wheeler occupants most commonly involved. Fissure fracture of the skull was commonest (45.71%) & parietal region of head was mostly involved region of the head (27.61%). Among the intracranial hemorrhages, subdural hemorrhage (SDH) was commonest (31.42%). In relation duration of survival time 59.04% of victims died within 24 hrs of fatal accident.