ABSTRACT
Background: There has been an alarming rise in the incidence of various diseases including that of cancer in the world with increase in the incidence of cutaneous malignancies owing to various changes that have taken place in the society over the past few years with respect to the culture, the lifestyle and also a contributory role has been played by the changes in the atmosphere as a result of increase in the air pollutants in the environment. Based on the scenario, we decided to conduct a study to evaluate the presentation and the management cutaneous malignancies in a teaching hospital set up in central india.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted between the time period of 1 year on the records of patients who were diagnosed with cutaneous and related malignancies who were treated at our Institute on a predesigned semi structured performa. SPSS version 23.0 was used for the analysis of the data collected.Results: We evaluated a total of 29 cases, Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was the most common histological type (51.72%) followed by melanoma (27.59%) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC, 20.69%). 75.86% of patients with cutaneous malignancies were males and 24.14% were females. Mortality rate observed was 13.7%.Conclusions: The most common cutaneous malignancy seen in this study was squamous cell carcinoma having increased propensity towards males than females. Rate of loco-regional disease and median disease-free survival is directly dependent on the adequacy of disease-free surgical margin and to the limited extent on the adjuvant therapy.
ABSTRACT
Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, polyuria, hyperlipidemia etc, resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. It affects various organs of the body including the brain. Cognitive function is the thinking process of the brain. In any chronic disease evaluation of cognitive function is justified as it may affect various common day to day activities.Methods: It is a prospective, observational and non-interventional study. Thirty diabetic patients who were recently started on insulin i.e. within 7 days were enrolled in the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Thirty non diabetic healthy individuals served as a control. Cognitive function was accessed by Adenbrooke抯 Cognitive Examination (ACE III) at the time of enrollment.Results: The results were analysed using paired t-test. Attention, Memory and Visiospatial ability was significantly reduced in diabetic patients compared to control. Verbal fluency and language was also reduced but the change was not significant. Total ACE III score was significantly reduced in diabetic patients compared to control.Conclusions: Cognitive function is significantly reduced in Diabetic patients recently started on insulin. Hyperglycemia could be the possible reason of cognitive decline. Proper understanding of the natural history of Diabetes and the pathogenesis of cognitive decline as well as control of Diabetes can help to prevent development of cognitive dysfunction.