Study of dry eye syndrome: Focus on causative factors, treatment modalities, quality of life, and preservatives used in eye drops

Purpose: Dry eye syndrome (DES) is a global issue occurring due to tear deficiency or excessive tear evaporation. It is associated with a variety of symptoms causing ocular discomfort. The purpose of the study was to evaluate causative factors, treatment modalities, quality of life, and preservatives used in eye drops. Methods: This prospective, follow?up study was conducted in the ophthalmology outpatient department of a tertiary care teaching hospital. Patients older than 18 years of age of either sex diagnosed with DES and willing to give written informed consent were included. The patients were subjected to the Ocular surface disease index Questionnaire (OSDI Questionnaire) twice; at the time of the first visit and at 15 days follow?up. Results: A male preponderance was observed with a 1.86:1 male?to?female ratio. The mean age of the study population was 29.15 ± 10.07 years. The most common presenting complaints were symptoms related to dryness of the eyes followed by refractive error. Exposure to TV/computer screen for more than 6 hours is the most common causative factor. There was a statistically significant improvement in overall quality of life (QoL) in patients of DES on treatment. However, no significant difference was seen in the improvement of quality of life in comparison with different preservatives used in prescribed eye drops for the treatment of DES. Conclusion: DES can adversely affect the quality of life of patients. Prompt treatment of this condition can significantly improve the patient’s QoL. Physicians should be encouraged to perform quality of life evaluations for patients with DES to guide them in treatment with more individual?specific treatment options.

Hemiarthroplasty in geriatric population with neck femur fracture: A retrospective study of 43 cases

Introduction: Hip fractures in the elderly have represented a major public health concern. Studies have shown that over 90% of the patients having these fractures are people of more than 50 years. These fractures have been classified according to their anatomical location into the neck of femur fracture, intertrochanteric fracture, and subtrochanteric fracture. The neck of femur fractures is associated with high mortality in the elderly compared to young adults. Surgical treatment is an established gold standard, with the option being osteosynthesis and hip replacement. Hemiarthroplasty is one of the gold-standard treatments chosen for the geriatric age group and has yielded universally acceptable results. Materials and Methods: The study evaluates the clinical, radiological, and functional outcomes of hip hemiarthroplasty in elderly with fracture neck of the femur Data of patients above 60 years who were operated on for fracture neck of the femur by bipolar hemiarthroplasty from May 2018 till December 2021were retrieved from the Medical Records Department of SCL Municipal General Hospital, affiliated to NHL Municipal medical college. The patients fitting the inclusion criteria were selected for the study. The sample size was calculated to be 43. Data were collected from the inpatient files, and then patients were asked to complete the questionnaire form during the final follow- up. All the patients were evaluated clinically and radiologically during the follow-up, and the functional outcome was assessed using the Harris Hip Score. Thirty-five patients had a domestic fall as the mode of injury. The lateral decubitus position of all patients was used during the operation that was performed using the Southern Moore approach. Forty patients received cemented femoral stems; the remaining three received press-fit ones. Results: The average age was calculated to be 71.86 years with the male-to-female ratio of 1: 1.15 with an average follow-up of 12.7 months. Eight patients had acetabular erosion at the end of 1 year. There was no femoral stem malalignment or aseptic loosening at the final follow-up. Nine patients had excellent Harris Hip scores, and five had fair scores. The remaining 29 patients had good Harris hip scores. Bipolar hemiarthroplasty has served us well in the study. Forty-one patients were able to get back to their preinjury functional level. Only one patient reported major pain in the hip at the final follow-up. In this study, there was no incidence of dislocation or revision surgeries. Conclusion: The present study modular bipolar hemiarthroplasty provides better pain relief with early mobilization and a good level of return to daily routine activities with minimal complications.

A Study of Determinants of Low Birth Weight in Newborns Delivered at Oneof the Tertiary Care Hospitals in Saurashtra Region, Gujarat

Introduction :Birth weight is one of the most important criteria for determining neonatal and infant survival and is considered a sensitive index of the nation's health and development. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines low birth weight (LBW) as “Birth weight less than 2500 grams” regardless of gestational age, the measurement being taken preferably within the first hour of life. 1)ToObjectives : estimate the prevalence of LBW among sample population at tertiary care hospital. 2)To study the distribution of newborns, according to socio-demographic characteristics of the mother and its association with LBW. A hospital based cross-sectional study was carried out among 500 newborns betweenMethod: December 2020 and November 2021. Participants were selected by systematic random sampling technique. The data were collected from the case file and face-to-face interview. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used in the analysis. Prevalence of low birth weight was 29.2%. Majority 271Results: (54.2%) of newborn mothers' age group was between 21 to 25 years. More than half 272 (54.4%) newborns were from mothers who studied up to primary level education and more than three forth 389 (77.8%) were from mothers who were housewives. Majority 293 (58.6%) of newborns were from the urban area, around three forth 382 (76.4%) newborns were Hindu and nearly two fifth 194 (38.8%) newborns belonged to lower middle class. Prevalence of low birth weight was significantly higher in mothers aged >35 andyears ?20 , who were illiterate, doing labour work and belonging to lower socio-economic class.years Conclusion: The prevalence of Low Birth Weight was 29.2% among sample population. Socio-demographic variables like maternal age >35 years 20 years, illiteracy, labour work and lower socio-economic class, ? had shown significant risk for delivering Low Birth Weight babies.

Prevalance Of Radiological Investigation In Low Back Pain - An Observational Study

Introduction: Lumbar spine pathology is major healthcare burden encountered in district and urban hospitals. Diagnostic imaging in these patients is not always indicated. Imaging is considered in those patients who show little or no improvement in their LBP after approximately six weeks of medical management with or without physical therapy, the current study was undertaken to assess the appropriateness of LBP imaging in primary care following the ACP guidelines. The inclusion criteria for the study were adult patients with persistent low back pain with orMethod: without radiculopathy post six weeks of medical management affecting their activity of daily living. And the exclusion criteria were spinal trauma , neurological impairment, bladder and bowel involvement, spinal malformations, history of malignancy presenting at the time of index visit. The study included total 115 patients. Out of 115 patients 87Result: [70%] patients showed abnormal finding on the radiographs. The most common abnormal finding was disco vertebral degeneration such as spondylosis (osteophyte formation) in 49.6%. Routine x-ray imaging in low backConclusion: pain patients is not always warranted. Moreover routine radiological imaging methods are not associated with meaningful clinical outcomes for the patients. Unnecessary imaging can lead to harmful radiation exposure of the patients and can further lead to additional medical expenditure and needless surgical intervention. Diagnostic radiological imaging should be used judicially.

A Comparative Study To Find Out Immediate Effect Of Chest Mobility Exercise And Incentive Spirometery Exercise On Cement Factory Workers -AN Experimentl Study

Context: As an average normal person spend maximum of its time in his working environment it is major contributor in determining the persons overall health. A good quality of air is an important factor for normal health of an individual. Aim: To find out immediate effect of chest mobility exercise and incentive spirometry exercise on cement factory worker. Setting and design: The interventional study was carried out in cement factories of aburoad. Method and material: 40 subjects were included in the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria and divided into 2 groups with 20 participants in each group. One group received chest mobility exercise and other group received incentive spirometry exercise. Results: Statistically is significant (p<0.05) the result showed high significant difference within & between the two groups .There was more effect of incentive spirometry exercise compared to chest mobility exercise. Conclusion: The above study concluded that both the technique showed marked improvement but the incentive spirometry exercise is more effective for the cement factory workers and it is easy to perform for the participants.

A Cross Sectional Study to Assess the Non-Adherence to Anti-Tuberculosis Treatment and Determinant Factors among Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Aims: Due to non-adherence of tuberculosis (TB) patients to treatment, complications may arise and if remaining infectious, these patients may infect other people with TB. To obtain information about factors associated with nonadherence, we performed a study comparing adherent and non-adherent TB patients. Method: Adherent and nonadherent patients randomly selected from government hospital and private hospital were interviewed using pre structured questionnaires. Key informant interviews were done with patients Results: The most frequently mentioned reason for non-adherence to treatment was taking treatment from government hospital. Although the drugs were given free of charge, many patients were non-adherent because of lack of money, attitude and misbelieves of patient. Social support was considered very important for adherence. The study indicated that patients who had low level of education, frequently travelling were showing non- adherent to treatment. Conclusion: Treatment adherence of TB patients receiving treatment in private hospital might be improved by providing health education about treatment duration and side effects, facilitating procedures for receiving treatment free of charge and reducing costs of transportation and consultation. Qualified friendly health care staff able to motivate patients might further improve adherence in government hospital.

ABO Blood Group & Periodontitis: Correlation or No- Relation.

Background: The purpose of the present study was to determine whether there was a relationship between periodontal diseases and ABO blood groups. Methods: This epidemiological study was carried out on 300 subjects who were randomly selected from individuals referred to the periodontics of Ahmedabad Dental College & Hospital for periodontal treatment or for other reasons regarding dental health. The study based on periodontal condition, blood group. The effects of blood subgroups on periodontal health, gingivitis and Periodontitis were investigated separately. Results: The findings of our study revealed that subject’s blood group “O” and “B”, Rh positive had a greater propensity for periodontitis followed by blood group A and least prevalent is blood group AB. Conclusions: ABO blood subgroups and Rh factor may constitute a risk factor on the development of periodontal disease.

Targets in anticancer research—A review.

Cancer is a complex disease characterized by a loss in the normal cell regulatory mechanisms that govern cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Current chemotherapeutics, as anticancer agents, are developing resistance to single drug and also to treatment therapies involving multiple drugs. Cross resistance associated with the specificity and selectivity of existing drugs has restricted the application of chemotherapy. Alternatively, these limitations have given better insight in understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for the development of various stages in cancer. In the light of this, continuous efforts are being made in order to identify and validate newer anticancer targets. This review presents some of the important targets that have been already reported, such as aromatase, farnesyl transferase, histone deacetylase, tyrosine kinase and cyclin-dependent kinase. A few molecules designed against these targets have successfully reached clinical trials. However, only limited marketed drugs are available from these classes. Besides, the review also highlights some of the other important targets and strategies that have also drawn considerable attention in the area of anticancer drug development such as, cancer stem cells and monoclonal antibodies. Further, the integration of the tools in molecular biology with the results from preclinical and clinical trials would strengthen the effectiveness of treatment regimens in cancer patients. There lies a much scope for designing promising lead compounds and treatment therapies against these established targets.

Only Paring Down as Treatment Modality for Fibrous Dysplasia: Case Series.

Fibrous dysplasia is a condition in which normal medullary bone is gradually replaced by an abnormal fibrous connective tissue proliferation and there is arrest of bone development in the woven stage with failure to mature to lamellar bone. The resultant fibroosseous tissue is poorly formed and structurally inadequate and weaker than the original bone. Various treatment modalities including medicinal and surgical treatment have been proposed for this lesion, in this case series we share our experience with paring down for such lesion and found it effective and efficient method of treating fibrous dysplasia. Facial symmetry, esthetics, and function were achieved in all the cases.

Post-traumatic-Zygomaticocoronoid Ankylosis: A Rare Clinical Case Report.

Fusion of the zygomatic bone to the coronoid process of the mandible is a rare phenomenon reported in the literature and commonly called as zygomaticocoronoid ankylosis. It can be sequel of trauma or infection in the midfacial region, mimicking a wide range of problems including the common temporomandibular joint ankylosis and dysfunction. Maxillofacial trauma involving the displaced fracture of zygoma can obstruct the movement of coronoid and if not treated can cause ankylosis between both bones. It is very diffi cult to identify zygomaticocoronoid ankylosis on conventional radiographs and requires the through clinical and advanced radiological evaluation like cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) to diagnose it. CBCT can be a great help to identify the size and extension of ankylotic mass and decide the approach to remove it. Zygomaticocoronoid ankylosis can be approached intraorally by Keen’s incision, and extraorally through a hemicoronal approach we have approached intraorally. Here, we present surgical management of post-traumatic zygomaticocoronoid ankylosis in 42-year-old male patient who had trismus for 18 years.

Clinical and Molecular Characterization of Patients with Gross Hypotonia and Impaired Lower Motor Neuron Function.

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) represents the second most common fatal autosomal recessive disorder after cystic fibrosis. Due to the high carrier frequency, the burden of this genetic disorder is very heavy in developing countries like India. The aim was to study the clinical and molecular characteristics of patients suspected with SMA. It was a cross sectional study of 105 cases from January 2008 to August 2012. Patients’ demographic and presenting features and PCR findings were noted. 65 (62%) cases had a confirmed diagnosis of SMA. Werdnig Hoffman disease (SMA type I) was the commonest variant seen in 34 (52.3%) children. Molecular analysis demonstrated deletion of both exon 7 and 8 of SMN1 gene in 83.1% of cases.