ABSTRACT
Cardiac rhabdomyoma is the most common primary pediatric tumor of the heart. We report a 1- month old male infant who presented to our institute for routine cardiac evaluation since he was diagnosed to have a cardiac mass in the right ventricle (RV) in utero. After he was born, an echocardiogram showed two large cardiac masses occupying entire RV cavity and origin of right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT). Although our patient was asymptomatic, surgical removal of these two masses was done due to its proximity to RVOT and also because it was almost obliterating the entire RV cavity.
ABSTRACT
Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a growing problem in H. pylori treatment. The study was intended to evaluate the prevalence of resistance amongst 80 H.pylori isolates cultured from biopsy taken during routine endoscopies in 2008-2011. Materials and Methods: 855 gastro duodenal biopsies were collected and cultured on H.pylori selective medium (containing Brucella agar and Columbia agar (Hi media), with Skirrow’s supplement (antibiotic supplement) and 7% human blood cells). H.pylori was isolated from 80 specimens. The antimicrobial susceptibility of H.pylori isolates was carried out by the Kirby Bauer technique against metronidazole (5 μg), clarithromycin (15 μg), ciprofloxacin (5 μg), amoxicillin (10 μg), tetracycline (30 μg), erythromycin (15 μg), levofloxacin (5 μg), and furazolidone (50 μg) (Sigma- Aldrich, MO). Results: 83.8% isolates were resistant to metronidazole, 58.8% were resistant to Clarithromycin 72.5% were resistant to Amoxicillin, 50% to Ciprofloxacin and 53.8% to tetracycline. furazolidone, erythromycin and Levofloxacin showed only 13.8% resistance to H.pylori. Multi drug resistance with metronidazole+ clarithromycin+ tetracycline was 85%. For all the drugs Antimicrobial resistance rate was found higher in males compare to females. Metronidazole and amoxicillin resistance was found noteworthy in patients with duodenal ulcer (p = 0.018), gastritis (P = 0.00), and in reflux esophagitis (P = 0.00). clarithromycin and tetracycline resistance was suggestively linked with duodenitis (P = 0.018), while furazolidone, erythromycin and levofloxacin showed excellent sensitivity in patients with duodenitis (P value- 0.018), gastritis (P= 0.00) and reflux esophagitis (P = 0.00). Resistance with metronidazole (P = 0.481), clarithromycin (P= 0.261), amoxicillin (P = 0.276), tetracycline (P = 0.356), ciprofloxacin (P = 0.164) was not correlated well with Age-group and Gender of the patients. Conclusion: A very high percentage of patients were infected with metronidazole and clarithromycin resistant strains. The use of antibiotics for other indications seems to be the major risk factor for the development of primary resistance. High incidence should alarm the gastroenterologist while prescribing the eradication regimen.
ABSTRACT
The petroleum ether soluble fraction (SIPE) of the root extract of S. indicum was evaluated for the vasorelaxant activity using isolated rat aorta. SIPE up to 180 microg/ml concentration significantly inhibited phenylephrine- and KCl-induced contraction to the extent of 98.13 +/- 6.37 and 70.19 +/- 3.43% respectively in isolated rat aorta in a concentration dependent manner. The vasorelaxant activity was not blocked by propranolol (10 microM), atropine (1 microM) indomethacin (10 microM) and glibenclamide (10 microM). Influence of SIPE on phenylephrine-induced contractions in aortic preparations in absence of functional endothelium and on pre-incubating the tissue with L-NAME (300 microM) or methylene blue (10 microM) was also studied. SIPE at 180 microg/ml concentration could elicit partial relaxation in presence of L-NAME or methylene blue to the extent of 34.26 +/- 6.13 and 25.66 +/- 10.95% respectively. However, in absence of functional endothelium, SIPE exhibited little relaxation to the extent of 6.70 +/- 4.87%. These studies revealed that the vasorelaxant activity of SIPE was chiefly mediated through endothelium-dependent pathway.