ABSTRACT
Aging can be defined as the gradual anatomical and physiological decline which begins to after the achievement of sexual maturity. Vriddhavastha (senility) is Vata dosha prominent phase of life. Gunas (qualities) of Vata dosha are degenerative by the nature which is increased; they result in degenerative changes in the body in terms of Dhatukshaya, Ojakshaya and Balakshaya which result in Neuro degeneration. Dementia is the progressive deterioration of intellect, emotional control, behavior and motivation along with loss of memory. Vriddhavastha (aging) is Vata dosha prominent Avastha. Vata has some Guna (qualities) that get involved in the degenerative process in the body like Laghu guna and Khara guna which is act as Lekhaniya (scraping), Vishada guna has Kshalanashakti (elution power) and, Ruksha guna has Shoshanashakti (absorbability), etc. With increasing Vata dosha, these above Gunas are also be increased, might be together or separately and will initiate the process of degeneration in the body in the terms of Dhatukshaya, Ojakshaya and Balakshaya causing various degenerative diseases. Dementia is one among them. Symptomatology of dementia are similar to Vata vriddhi lakshana, Vata nanatmajavyadhi and Ojakshaya lakshana. Manifestation of the disease condition is purely due to degenerative changes in senile periods. The disease condition is not a reversible but with the healthy changes in dietary habits and lifestyle, the disease condition might be preventable and delayed.
ABSTRACT
Introduction:Four out of ten prescriptions in indoor-patient departments contains gastro-protective drugs. Study aimed to detect classes of gastro protective drugs prescribed with other therapies, to assess trend of co-prescription of gastro-protective with NSAIDs, Anticipated drug interactions with the prescribed gastro-protective and most commonly prescribed gastro-protective group of drug.Materials and Methods: It is Prospective, Observational study, approximately 133 prescription analyzed. Written informed consent was taken from the eligible patients included in the study. Drugs data collected by reviewing the prescriptions prescribed. Gastro-protective duringstudy period. Rationality of drug use was assessed by referring to standard textbooks and guidelines.RESULTSOut of 200 prescriptions, 133 (66.5%) were found prescribing the gastro-protective drugs and more prescribed in the age group of 31-40 (39.84%). Gastro-protective drugs were co-prescribed with different classes of drugs of which NSAIDs (34.83%) were the most common. The Paracetamol (48.10%) were found to be the most commonly prescribedNSAIDs with gastro-protective drugs. The PPIs (66.66%) were found to be the most commonly prescribedgastro-protective. Drug interactions with co-prescribed drugs could be anticipated in 45 cases.Conclusion:The usage of gastro-protective is essential in drug therapy; however,over-use can increase adverse effects, drug interactions, and even wrong therapy.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Introduction:Four out of ten prescriptions in indoor-patient departments contains gastro-protective drugs. Study aimed to detect classes of gastro protective drugs prescribed with other therapies, to assess trend of co-prescription of gastro-protective with NSAIDs, Anticipated drug interactions with the prescribed gastro-protective and most commonly prescribed gastro-protective group of drug.Materials and Methods: It is Prospective, Observational study, approximately 133 prescription analyzed. Written informed consent was taken from the eligible patients included in the study. Drugs data collected by reviewing the prescriptions prescribed. Gastro-protective during study period. Rationality of drug use was assessed by referring to standard textbooks and guidelines.RESULTSOut of 200 prescriptions, 133 (66.5%) were found prescribing the gastro-protective drugs and more prescribed in the age group of 31-40 (39.84%). Gastro-protective drugs were co-prescribed with different classes of drugs of which NSAIDs (34.83%) were the most common. The Paracetamol (48.10%) were found to be the most commonly prescribedNSAIDs with gastro-protective drugs. The PPIs (66.66%) were found to be the most commonly prescribedgastro-protective. Drug interactions with co-prescribed drugs could be anticipated in 45 cases. Conclusion:The usage of gastro-protective is essential in drug therapy; however,over-use can increase adverse effects, drug interactions, and even wrong therapy.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The 5‑year survival rate for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is estimated to be <10%. RCC is highly resistant to chemotherapy. Targeted agents are now first choice of therapy for metastatic RCC such as sunitinib and sorafenib. METHODS: This study is a retrospective analysis of 15 patients having metastatic RCC treated with sunitinib. Apart from three patients, all had clear cell histology. Thirteen patients received dosage of 50 mg/d (4 weeks on/2 weeks off cycles). In 14 patients sunitinib was used as 1st line. The primary end point was objective response rate. Secondary end points were progression free survival (PFS) and safety. RESULTS: Until date of reporting, 3 out of 15 patients are currently on sunitinib. The most common Memorial Sloan = Kettering Cancer Centre poor prognostic factor was an interval of <1 year between diagnosis and starting of treatment (80%). The objective response rate was 13.66% (complete response [CR] + partial response [PR] = 0 + 2). Clinical benefit rate (CR + PR + stable disease) was 60% (n = 9). Median PFS in this study was 7.5 months, with a range of 2‑22 month. Median overall survival (OS) of patients in this study was 12 months with a range of 3‑24 month. An impact of the dose or/and number of cycles on response was seen in this study, with patients having average cycles >3 showing better response rates, PFS and OS. Major toxicities seen were fatigue ( n = 7), diarrhea (n = 3) and skin rash (n = 4) with majority patients experienced Grade 1‑2 toxicities. While Grade 3‑4 toxicities include fatigue (n = 1), mucositis (n = 1) and nausea (n = 1). CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm efficacy and safety profile of sunitinib in metastatic RCC, particularly as a first line. Sunitinib produced a 60% disease control rate for metastatic RCC in Indian patients, with acceptable rates of toxicity at a dose of 50 mg daily. Response rates were well matched to other studies confirming the efficacy of sunitinib.
ABSTRACT
Renal function was assessed by determining three hour creatinine clearance (THCC) values in 20 patients (13 males, seven females; age 16-55 years) of nutritional iron deficiency anaemia. Mean transferrin saturation was 4.6% (SD 2.3). Haemoglobin and THCC were determined twice at the interval of three days before therapy. All patients received total dose iron-dextran intravenously. Three days after therapy, haemoglobin and THCC were determined again. Paired 't' test was used to determine the significance of the difference. There was no significant difference between the two pretherapy mean haemoglobin values (6.1 +/- 3.5 g/dl and 5.6 +/- 4.5 g/dl; p greater than 0.2), and the two pretherapy mean THCC values (67.2 +/- 36.9 ml/min and 70.3 +/- 22.8 ml/min; p greater than 0.5). There was no significant difference (p greater than 0.5) between pre-and post-therapy mean haemoglobin levels (6.6 +/- 2.2 g/dl). The difference between the pre-therapy and post-therapy THCC (95.3 +/- 34.0 ml/min) was statistically significant (p less than 0.01). It is concluded on the basis of these results that renal function as measured by THCC is impaired in iron deficiency anaemia, and it improves significantly within three days of total dose intravenous iron-dextran therapy when there is no significant increase in haemoglobin value. This is likely to represent the effect of iron at the tissue level independent of the anaemia.