ABSTRACT
Antibiotic associated diarrhoea (AAD) is caused mostly by disruption of the physiological gut microflora. One potential strategy to prevent this is the concurrent use of probiotic bacteria or yeast. Tribal populations of West Garo Hill region of Meghalaya use locally available unique microflora to prepare fermented food products whichserve as a potential source of novel probiotic organisms and bioactive compounds. In this context, here, we have evaluated the potentiality of laboratory made functional fermented rice beverage in mitigating AAD on animal models viz. Wistar rats. The animal models were administered with fermented rice beverage (test group A1), combination of indigenous Lactobacillus isolates (test group A2), a yeast isolate (test group A3), loperamide (test group STD), normal control (test group NC) and disease control (test group DC). Furthermore, various diarrhea assessment parameters were checked from each group followed by analysis of fecal microbiome, haematological parameters, histopathology of colon, liver and cecal short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) determination. NC and A1 was least affected by AAD induction with a faecal consistency score of 1 on the final day of the study. After day 10, a significant reduction (P <0.05) in the faecal water content was observed in A1, A2 and STD till day 15. Compared to the NC, a slight decrease in body weight was found in the rest of five test groups at day 5, 10 and 15. Except NC, the remaining five test groups showed a significant decrease of lactobacilli and yeast counts in faecal microbiota at 5th day. An increase in the enterococci and coliform counts indicated severe diarrheal condition but A1 reported with significant increase (P <0.05) in the population of Lactobacillus at day 15. An increase in red blood corpuscles, haemoglobin, packed cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration was observed. During the histopathology analysis of colon and liver, normal layers of mucosa, submucosa, muscularis and serous with absence of any abnormal changes or lesions was seen in A1. The cecal concentrations of lactate, acetate and propionate were significantly higher in A1 as compared to the other test groups. Therefore, fermented rice beverage possesses potential to be used in inhibition of antibiotic associated diarrhea with further clinical investigations.
ABSTRACT
Background: Drug use study identifies the problems that arise from prescription and highlights the current approaches to the rational use of drugs. The objective of the study was to assess drug use pattern in patients diagnosed of acute otitis media in tertiary care teaching hospital.Methods: This prospective observational study was carried in the Otorhinolaryngology department of a tertiary care teaching hospital over a period of twelve months. The data collected for patients with acute otitis media included the patient's demographic details and the drugs prescribed. Data were analysed for drug use pattern and cost per prescription and assessment of rationality of prescription.Results: Total 153 patients were analysed, 100 (65.35%) belonged to male patients and 53 (34.65%) belonged to female patients. Children less than 2years age were the most diagnosed with AOM 47.71%, the major diagnostic symptoms were earache (58.16%) and fever (54.90%) and signs were congestion (52.94%) and discharge (43.13%). In a total 153 prescriptions (469 drugs), 33.68% were antimicrobials, followed by mineral supplements (23.67%). Average number of drugs per prescription was found to be 3.0. Most common antibiotic prescribed was amoxicillin (with or without clavulanate) in 142 (92.81%) patients. Paracetamol alone or in fixed dose combination with antihistaminics were prescribed in 131 patients. Average cost per prescription was 87.74(±35.67) Indian rupees. Seventeen (11.11%) prescriptions were rational in all the aspects based on standard guidelines.Conclusions: The present study showed that paracetamol and amoxicillin with or without clavulanate were mostly commonly prescribed in children with AOM. Irrational prescribing was seen in maximum number of cases.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Haemovigilance is defined as a set of surveillance procedures covering whole transfusion chain from the collection of blood and its components to the follow up of its recipients, intended to collect and access information on unexpected or undesirable effects resulting from the therapeutic use of labile blood products, and to prevent their occurrence and recurrence.(1) AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: An effective effort towards the study of haemovigilance programme by evaluating the different adverse reactions occurring due to blood transfusion in patient receiving regular or temporary blood transfusion.The ultimate goal of a haemovigilance system is to improve the safety of blood transfusion. METHODS & MATERIALS: The current study was done at Blood bank AMC MET Medical College & LG Hospital, Ahmedabad. All the adverse reactions related to transfusion of blood components between April-2014 to March-2016 issued were studied.RESULT: In this study, total 17264 blood component (PCV, PRC, FFP, CRYO) were issued. From total 20 BTR, 18 BTR due to PCV, and 02 BTR due to PRC. In which 08 patients have febrile reaction, 07 patients have allergic reaction, 02 patients have non TRALI associated dyspnea and 01 patient has uneasiness-giddiness due to the PCV. 02 patients have allergic reaction which occurred due to PRC.CONCLUSION: Haemovigilance is an essential component of quality management in a blood system and is needed for the continual enhancement of quality and safety of blood products and transfusion process by monitoring and safeguarding the adverse events associated with the use of blood products.
ABSTRACT
Background & objectives: Stature is considered as the height of a person measured in erect position. It is one of the most important factors in establishing identity of a person. In certain medico-legal cases, where only parts or fragments of human body are found. Such a need arises when there is mass casualty. Aim of current study was to establish anthropometric correlation of stature with hand length and foot length in population of Gujarat and also to derive regression equations for correct estimation of stature of male and female in Gujarati population. Material and Method: 150 asymptomatic, apparently healthy, adolescent and adult medical students with age between 18 to 22 years belonging to various regions of Gujarat were selected. Left foot and left hand was selected for measurement. Result: Regression equation for estimation of height using both foot length and hand length were formulated. By using the derived regression equations, height of subjects was calculated and then compared with actual height of subjects. Conclusion: By the present study we conclude that both foot and hand length can be used in estimation of stature of both males and females with fairly accurate results in Gujarati population.
ABSTRACT
Background: Use of anti-emetic drugs in pediatric population is often warranted, but choice of drug remains questionable within pediatricians. Objective of current study is: to study prescribing pattern and to calculate cost of antiemetic drug therapy in pediatric wards. Methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted in pediatric wards of a tertiary care hospital of over 14 month’s duration. Institutional ethics committee approval was obtained and written informed consent of parents/guardians was taken. Data of any pediatric patient receiving anti-emetic agent were included in the study. Results: A total of 218 prescriptions were collected. Mean age of patients was 4.39±3.16 (range 4 months to 12 years). Gastroenteritis was the most frequently diagnosed disease in 137(63%) patients. Domperidone was prescribed in 52.4% and ondansetron in 47.6% children. Oral liquid dosage formulation was prescribed in 109 (48.4%) followed by solid dosage form 47 (20.9%). Mean cost of domperidone therapy was 25.34±6.55 INR and for ondansetron it was 36.62±17.94 INR. Conclusions: Gastroenteritis was most frequent indication for use of anti-emetics. Domperidone pharmacotherapy was cheaper and most frequently prescribed than ondansetron.