ABSTRACT
Abstracts: Background & Objective: Malaria is one of the major public health problems in the developing countries. Rapid diagnosis and accurate quantification of Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia are important forthe management of malaria. The objective of this study was to measure prevalence of malaria and analyse the results of malaria diagnostic methods. Methodology: RDT and microscopy was carried out to diagnose malaria. Results were simply presented as percentage positive of total number of cases under this study. Results of microscopy were compared with RDT based on antigen detection for malaria diagnosis. Results: Total 503 cases were detected having infection of malaria. Out of them 405(80.52%) were positive for P. vivax, 73 (14.51%) were positive for P. falciparum and 25 (4.97%) were having mixed infection of P. vivax and P. falciparum. Sensitivity of RDTs was excellent as compare to microscopy. Conclusion: We can conclude based on the present study that sensitivity of RDT is very good as compare to traditional microscopy. But for the confirmation microscopy remains gold standard test for malaria identification.
ABSTRACT
Background: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection traditionally has been associated with healthcare settings, colonizing patients with underlying debilitating health conditions. Now a day, Hospital management has become increasingly aware of issues related to MRSA infections in the patient population. Aims & Objective: To know the prevalence of MRSA amongst hospitalized as well as OPD based patients and to find out and compare the antibiotic resistance patterns of Methicillin resistant and Methicillin sensitive S. aureus. Material and Methods: Total of 534 Staphylococcus aureus isolated from various clinical specimens using the standard procedures during June 2010 to June 2011. Screening and confirmation of MRSA isolates were done by standard methods recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). CDC definition was used to classify hospital and community Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotic susceptibility test was done using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Detailed information regarding duration in hospital stay, ward, unit and clinical history were collected. Results: Out of 534 Staphylococcus aureus recovered from different clinical samples, 152 (28.46%) were found to be Methicillin resistant. 113 out of 152 isolates (74.34%) were Hospital acquired MRSA (HA-MRSA) while 39 out of 152 isolates (25.66%) were Community acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA). The antibiotic susceptibility result shows that MRSA isolates were resistant to multiple antibiotics than MSSA isolates. All isolated MRSA were sensitive to Vancomycin. Conclusion: Measures to control the emergence and spread of MRSA are needed to be improved because there are fewer options available for the treatment of MRSA infections. Thus, together with good professional practice and routine infection control precautions constitute the major measures in controlling and preventing MRSA.