ABSTRACT
The present study was undertaken to delineate genotype–environment interactions and stability status of 16 genotypes of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal) in context to the 12 characters, namely plant height, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, days to flowering, days to maturity, number of berries, number of seeds/berry, root length, root diameter, root branches, dry root yield and total alkaloid content (%). Experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications over three different locations (S. K. Nagar, Jagudan and Bhiloda) in north Gujarat for three years (2016–17, 2017–18 and 2018–19). Pooled analysis of variance revealed that the mean squares due to genotypes and genotype 9 environment interaction along with linear and nonlinear components were highly significant (P\0.01) for most of the traits under study. Stability parameters for component traits through Eberhart and Russell model showed that genotypes that can be used directly in breeding programme are SKA-4 for early flowering, SKA21 for early maturity and SKA-1, SKA-4, SKA-6 and SKA-17 for shorter plant height. Further, SKA-21 could be used for improving number of primary branches per plant, SKA-11 and SKA-17 for number of secondary branches per plant, SKA-19 for number of berries per plant, SKA-6, SKA-21, SKA-27 and AWS-1 for root branches and SKA-17 for root length as these genotypes were found to be most stable across the environments for mentioned traits. The result revealed that some reliable predictions about genotype 9 environment interaction and its unpredictable components were involved significantly in determining the stability of genotypes. Hence, the present investigation can be exploited for the identification of more productive genotypes in specific environments, leading to significant increase in root productivity of ashwagandha
ABSTRACT
Chronic constrictive pericarditis is a condition marked by scarred and inelastic pericardium with excessive fibrous tissue and calcium. Here, we report a case of Egg-Shell like calcification in a 30-year-old young adult diagnosed with chronic constrictive pericarditis. The patient was successfully managed with very good prognosis post-pericardiectomy.
ABSTRACT
Background: Depression, a common mental disorder characterized by persistent unhappiness and lack of interest in daily activities, is one of the major important public health problems that are often comorbid with other chronic diseases like diabetes and can worsen the effect of the disease outcomes. Depression alone and/or as a comorbidity with diabetes is a common condition in the community. Aim of the study: To identify the prevalence of Depression among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients and relationship between Depression and its effect on Drug Compliance among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients, to determine the severity of Depression among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients and the extent to which it affects Drug compliance. Materials and methods: The study was to be conducted in Rajah Muthiah Medical College and Hospital, Chidambaram in the year 2018-2019. A hundred patients with diagnosis of T2DM attending Diabetic OPD above 20 years of age were randomly selected. The Hamilton rating scale for depression by Hamilton is the most widely used rating scale to assess the symptoms of depression. The Ham-D is an observer-rated scale consisting of 17-21 items. Ratings are based on clinical interview. The items are rated on either a 0 to 4 spectrum or a 0 to 2 spectrum. The HAM-D also relies quite heavily on the clinical interviewing skills and the experience of rater in evaluating individuals with depressive illness. The strength of HAM-D is its excellent validation/research base, K.H. Mohamed Ibrahim, R. Gandhi Babu, M. Senthil Velan. Prevalence of psychiatric morbidity (depression) and its effect on drug compliance among patients attending diabetic outpatient clinic. IAIM, 2019; 6(11): 19-28. Page 20 and case of administration. Its use is limited in individuals who have psychiatric disorders other than primary depression. Results: Analyzing with HAMD score, 40 had no depression, mild depression in 24 cases, moderate depression in 21 cases, severe depression in 15 cases. MAQ score scale- low adherence in 41 cases, medium adherence in 37 cases, high adherence in 22 cases. MMAQ score scale and HAMD scorelow adherence with no depression were 9 cases (22.5%) mild depression were 6 cases (25%) moderate were 11(52.4%) severe depression were 15 cases (100%). MMAQ score scale and HAMD score - medium adherence with no depression were 23 cases (57.5%) mild depression were 9 cases (37.5%) moderate were 5(23.8%) severe depression were not seen. MMAQ score scale and HAMD score - Medium adherence with no depression were 8 cases (20%) Mild depression were 9 cases (37.5%) Moderate were 5(23.8%) severe depression was not seen. Pearson Chi-Square = 35.344**, p<0.001. Conclusion: Further, there was a significant association between the depression in Type 2 diabetes patients and medication adherence, where patients with depression had poor medication adherence as compared to those without depression and severity of depression correlates with worse adherence to diabetic medications
ABSTRACT
Abstract Objective: Transposition of the great arteries is a common congenital heart disease. Arterial switch is the gold standard operation for this complex heart disease. Arterial switch operation in the presence of intramural coronary artery is surgically the most demanding even for the most experienced hands. We are presenting our experience with a modified technique for intramural coronary arteries in arterial switch operation. Methods: This prospective study involves 450 patients undergoing arterial switch operation at our institute from April 2006 to December 2013 (7.6 years). Eighteen patients underwent arterial switch operation with intramural coronary artery. The coronary patterns and technique used are detailed in the text. Results: The overall mortality found in the subgroup of 18 patients having intramural coronary artery was 16% (n=3). Our first patient had an accidental injury to the left coronary artery and died in the operating room. A seven-day old newborn died from intractable ventricular arrhythmia fifteen hours after surgery. Another patient who had multiple ventricular septal defects with type B arch interruption died from residual apical ventricular septal defect and sepsis on the eleventh postoperative day. The remainder of the patients are doing well, showing a median follow-up duration of 1235.34±815.26 days (range 369 - 2730). Conclusion: Transposition of the great arteries with intramural coronary artery is demanding in a subset of patients undergoing arterial switch operation. We believe our technique of coronary button dissection in the presence of intramural coronary arteries using coronary shunt is simple and can be a good addition to the surgeons' armamentarium.