A rare cause of epididymo-orchitis

Epididymo-orchitis is an inflammatory lesion of the testis and epididymis with a lymphocytic exudate. Patients with acute epididymo-orchitis typically present with scrotal pain, swelling, tenderness and fever. Here, we present a patient with scrotal pain and hemiscrotal swelling as the main complaints; however further investigations revealed a completely different and rare diagnosis. Zinner抯 syndrome is a very rare developmental anomaly of the Wolffian duct. To date, only about 200 cases have been diagnosed. It is a triad of unilateral renal agenesis, ipsilateral seminal vesicle cyst and ejaculatory duct obstruction. Some patients remain asymptomatic and discovered incidentally, while others present with symptoms related to seminal vesicle cysts or ejaculatory duct obstruction: voiding or ejaculatory difficulty or pain. Treatment options include transurethral or transrectal aspiration and percutaneous drainage, however both are linked to an increased risk of recurrence. Symptomatic, complicated and recurrent cyst will require excision of the cyst, either laparoscopically or robotically.

Scenario of Wilt Incidence of Chickpea in Major Chickpea Growing Regions of Northern Karnataka, India

The chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the important pulse crops grown in India. Chickpea wilt complex is one of the most devastating crop diseases in northern Karnataka. Because of abundant inoculum in the soil and suitable environment circumstances, infected plants die, resulting in full loss of yield. A random roaming study was done in important chickpea farming districts of northern Karnataka, namely Dharwad, Belagavi, Haveri, Gadag, Bagalkot, Kalaburgi, and Vijayapur, during Rabi 2021-22 and 2022-22, to establish disease incidence and its in severity in different places. The survey results demonstrated a link between three pathogens: Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri, Rhizoctonia bataticola, and Sclerotia rolfsii. Dharwad district has the highest illness incidence (30.20%), followed by Kalburgi district.with 29.85 per cent.

Preparation and therapeutic evaluation of rutin-phospholipid complex for antidiabetic activity.

The objective of the present work to prepare Rutin-phospholipid complex (RPC), a phytoformulation and characterization, evaluation for its antidiabetic activity in streptozotocin induced diabetic model. Prepared RPC was characterized and screened for antidiabetic activity by OGTT in normoglycemic and diabetic rats for RT and RPC at different time intervals. Effect of RT and RPC (50 and 100 mg/kg b.w. p.o. respectively) in STZ induced diabetic rats for one day and fifteen days was studied. This is followed by estimation of Estimation of SG, and lipid parameters. Histopathology studies of pancreatic tissue and bioavailability studies of RT & RPC were also carried out. SEM data showed that RPC has irregular size vesicles consisting of phosphatidylcholine. RPC showed a single endothermal peak at 147.68°C in DSC studies. OH group has shifted to lower frequency in phytosome compared to rutin phospholipid in FTIR spectra. Treatment with RPC (50 and 100 mg/kg b.w. p.o.) significantly reduced the blood glucose levels and restored the altered lipid parameters as compared to RT. Histopathological studies revealed that RPC also restored back the size of pancreatic islets and maintained the normal β-cells. A higher serum concentration of RT (13.20 μg/mL) in RPC treated group was observed in bioavailability studies as compared to RT. RPC maintained effective concentration of rutin for a longer period in rat serum.

A Clinical Case Report of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis And Impact On Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis.

Periodontitis is a multifactorial disease with microbial dental plaque as the initiator of periodontal disease. However the manifestation and progression of the disease is influenced by a wide variety of determinants and factors. The strongest type of causal relationship is the association of systemic and periodontal disease. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis has also been considered as one of the causes of periodontal disease. This clinical case report highlights the impact of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis on the outcome of periodontal therapy.

Detection and antifungal susceptibility testing of oral Candida dubliniensis from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients.

Context: Candida dubliniensis, an opportunistic yeast that has been implicated in oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) in patients infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) may be under-reported due to its similarity with Candida albicans. Resistance to Fluconazole is often seen in C. dubliniensis isolates from clinical specimens. Aims: To know the prevalence of C. dubliniensis in OPC in patients infected with HIV and their antifungal susceptibility pattern. Settings and Design: One hundred and thirty-two HIV seropositive individuals and 50 healthy controls were included in the study. Materials and Methods: Two oral swabs were collected from the site of the lesion from 132 HIV-infected patients. Oral rinse was obtained from 50 healthy controls. Samples were inoculated on Sabouraud's dextrose agar (SDA) medium and on HiCrome Candida Differential Agar (CHROM agar) medium. Isolates were speciated by standard tests. Dark green-colored, germ tube positive isolates, which failed to grow at 420C and negative for xylose assimilation were identified as C. dubliniensis. Antifungal susceptibility test was performed by Macro broth dilution technique (National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards guidelines). Results and Conclusions: From 132 patients, 22 (16.3%) C. dubliniensis were isolated; samples from healthy controls did not reveal their presence. Antifungal susceptibility test showed higher resistance among C. dubliniensis isolates to azoles compared to C. albicans. Five (22.7%) isolates of C. dubliniensis were resistant to Fluconazole followed by four (18.2%) to Ketoconazole. This study emphasizes the importance of identification and antifungal susceptibility testing of C. dubliniensis in HIV-infected patients.

Significance of isolation and drug susceptibility testing of non-Candida albicans species causing oropharyngeal candidiasis in HIV patients.

Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) continues to be a common opportunistic infection in patients infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and is predictive of increasing immunosuppression. Though Candida albicans remains the predominant isolate, a rise in the frequency of isolation of non-albicans Candida (NAC) species is being observed. The levels of virulence and the sensitivities to available antifungal drugs vary among these species. Of 340 HIV seropositive patients in this study, 132 (38.8%) had oral lesions suggestive of candidiasis. Samples were collected from the lesion using sterile cotton swabs. Isolation and speciation were done by standard techniques. Antifungal drug susceptibility testing was done by macro broth dilution. The total number of Candida isolates was 135, of which, 45 (33.3%) were NAC species and 90 were C.albicans (66.6%). Of the NAC species, C. dubliniensis was the predominant pathogen (22,48.9%). Antifungal susceptibility testing showed that 14 (31.1%) of the NAC species and 11 (12.2%) of C. albicans were resistant to fluconazole (MIC > 8 microg/ml). A very high MIC of > 32 microg/ml was noted among the NAC species resistant to fluconazole.