ABSTRACT
Introduction: The incidence of thyroid disorders is on the rise. The preferred treatment for most of the thyroid conditions is total thyroidectomy. The associated complications are transient hypocalcemia, recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, and post-operative hematoma. Objective: The objective of this study is to find out the causes of thyroidectomy and their post-operative complications. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study conducted over a period of 1 year 6 months (May 2015–November 2017) at the Department of Surgery, Maheshwara Medical College and Hospital, Hyderabad. Results: The rates of thyroidectomy are increasing. They are common among women and mostly following Graves’ disease, nodular goiter, and malignancy. Subtotal thyroidectomy has decreased hypoparathyroidism or nerve injury. However, second look surgeries in cases of recurrence have significantly increased complication rate. Total thyroidectomy is a safe and effective alternative when performed skillfully
ABSTRACT
Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the common causes of hospital-acquired infections, leading to high morbidity and mortality. SSIs contribute mainly about the increased health care costs in terms of prolonged hospital stay and lost work days. The infections are different in different areas and largely neglected in our area. It is very important to document and notify the incidence of SSI, which will help in proper categorization and surveillance of the patients, helps to identify the type of patients susceptible for wound infections. Aims and Objectives: To estimate the incidence, study bacteriology, and the factors associated with the occurrence of SSI in the study setting. Materials and Methods: The present prospective study was conducted in the surgical wards of MNR Medical College and Hospital, Sangareddy, Medak District, Telangana, India. Clinico-bacteriological follow-up of 100 post-operative cases to the development of SSI, as per the Center for Disease Prevention and Control criteria (1991). Incidence was expressed as the infection rate per 100 operations. Bacteriology was documented by sending pus for analysis. Association was tested by applying the Student’s t-test and the Chi-square test of significance. P < 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: The SSI rate was estimated to be 8% for clean, 58.3% for clean-contaminated, 85% for contaminated operations, and 66.6% for dirty cases. 38.46% of the isolates were Escherichia coli. Conclusion: The study emphasizes the need for the evidence-based infection control and to identify the patients susceptible for wound infection which helps in reducing the hospital stay and reduces hospital cost.
ABSTRACT
Background: Observational studies have suggested a complex relationship between alcohol consumption and gastrointestinal (GI) disorder. Long-term consumption of alcohol has detrimental effects on the human body, which can range from mild dependence to severe alcohol dependence and in some cases presenting as gastric or duodenal perforation. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare gastric or duodenal perforation in substantially high risk group (moderate or severe alcohol dependence) to low risk group (mild dependence). Methods: All patients in the study were screened with alcohol use disorders identification test and assessed for severity of dependence with severity of alcohol dependence questionnaire (SADQ). Severity of dependence grouped as low risk (below 16 score) and substantially high risk group (score 16 or above) by SADQ. Results: The present study showed occurrence of gastric or duodenal perforation is more commonly seen in substantially high risk group (moderate to severe dependence) when compared to low risk (mild dependence) group. Majority of the substantially high risk dependence seen in males (69.5%), illiterate or less than SSLC (49.9%), from rural area (58.69%), and farmers (56.52%) irrespective of their sex. Conclusions: These results indicate that substantially high risk dependence (moderate to severe dependence) increases the relative risk of gastric or duodenal perforation. High risk dependence patients should be adequately evaluated for GI disorders to reduce morbidity and mortality.